Non-invasive prospection techniques and direct push sensing as high-resolution validation tools in wetland geoarchaeology – Artificial water supply at a Carolingian canal in South Germany?

Rabiger-Völlmer, Johannes; Schmidt, Johannes; Linzen, S.; Schneider, Michael; Werban, Ulrike; Dietrich, P.; Wilken, Dennis; Wunderlich, Tina; Fediuk, Annika; Berg, Stefanie; Werther, Lukas; Zielhofer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103928

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Generell ermöglicht das mittlerweile breite Spektrum an bohrlochgeophysikalischen Methoden und Direct-Push-Sonden die Untersuchung verschiedener geophysikalischer Eigenschaften mit hoher vertikaler Auflösung (Dietrich und Leven 2009;Leven et al 2011;Bumberger et al 2015). Zudem können ausgedehnte Strukturen horizontal nahezu kontinuierlich erfasst werden, indem die Sondierungen mit Abständen von wenigen Metern durchgeführt werden (Hausmann et al 2018;Rabiger-Völlmer et al 2020). Um aus den gemessenen geophysikalischen Eigenschaften Aussagen zur Grundwasserströmung und Wasserchemie treffen zu können, sind jedoch zusätzliche, direktere Methoden wie hydraulische Tests und hydrochemische Probennahmen an Grundwassermessstellen sowie Kernbohrungen zur Validierung der Struktur erforderlich.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Kombination geophysikalischer und hydrogeologischer Methoden zur gezielten Erkundung feinkörniger Talfüllungen

Klingler

Martin

Cirpka

et al. 2021

Grundwasser - Zeitschrift der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie

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KurzfassungSedimentäre Strukturen können die Fließ- und Stofftransportpfade in feinkörnigen Talfüllungen stark beeinflussen. Diese Strukturen müssen gezielt auf ihre Ausdehnung und Eigenschaften untersucht werden, um Verweilzeiten, Fließpfade und das Abbaupotenzial eingetragener Schadstoffe zu bestimmen. In der quartären Talfüllung der Ammeraue bei Tübingen wurden beispielhaft Torflagen und eine Kiesrinne untersucht, um ihre Einflüsse auf die regionale Hydrogeologie und Hydrochemie zu bewerten. Dafür wurden geophysikalische und hydrogeologische Erkundungsmethoden ausgewählt und kombiniert. Mit geoelektrischen Oberflächenmessungen konnte die Ausdehnung der betrachteten Strukturen erkundet werden. Unterschiedliche Direct-Push-Sondierungen, darunter eine In-situ-Bestimmung der Sedimentfarbe, und bohrlochgeophysikalische Messungen erfassten ihre Geometrie und interne Heterogenität. Die hydraulischen und biogeochemischen Eigenschaften der Sedimente und des Grundwassers wurden anschließend durch gezielte Probennahmen und hydraulische Tests an repräsentativen Ansatzpunkten bestimmt. Die dargestellte Methodenkombination zur Abgrenzung relevanter Teilgebiete mit anschließender hochauflösender Untersuchung lässt sich auch auf die Untersuchung großflächiger Täler übertragen.

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

Kombination geophysikalischer und hydrogeologischer Methoden zur gezielten Erkundung feinkörniger Talfüllungen

Klingler

Martin

Cirpka

et al. 2021

Grundwasser - Zeitschrift der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie

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“…However, floodplain stratigraphies also present difficult exploration conditions that require complicated and costly excavation techniques due to the impact of groundwater and unstable sediments [218]. Therefore, we recommend scale-overlapping geoscientific approaches, including largeand medium-scale remote-sensing techniques, LiDAR modelling approaches [219][220][221][222] and noninvasive geophysical prospecting [223], as well as combined medium-, small-and micro-scale, minimally invasive direct push-sensing approaches, drilling campaigns and excavations [217,[224][225][226][227].…”

Section: Advances In Geophysical Prospection Techniques and Remote Sensing In Fluvial Geomorphology And Geoarchaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Way to the Fluvial Anthroposphere—Current Limitations and Perspectives of Multidisciplinary Research

Werther¹,

Mehler

Schenk

et al. 2021

Water

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Floodplains represent a global hotspot of sensitive socioenvironmental changes and early human forcing mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the environmental conditions of preindustrial floodplains in Central Europe and the fluvial societies that operated there. Due to their high land-use capacity and the simultaneous necessity of land reclamation and risk minimisation, societies have radically restructured the Central European floodplains. According to the current scientific consensus, up to 95% of Central European floodplains have been extensively restructured or destroyed. Therefore, question arises as to whether or when it is justified to understand Central European floodplains as a ‘Fluvial Anthroposphere’. The case studies available to date show that human-induced impacts on floodplain morphologies and environments and the formation of specific fluvial societies reveal fundamental changes in the medieval and preindustrial modern periods. We aim to contribute to disentangling the questions of when and why humans became a significant controlling factor in Central European floodplain formation, and how humans in interaction with natural processes and other chains of effects have modified floodplains. As a conclusion, we superimpose emerging fields of research concerning the onset of the Fluvial Anthroposphere and provide 10 specific thematic objectives for future multidisciplinary work.

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“…the course of the Swabian Rezat south of Weißenburg had already been partially straightened in 1801 (Note du général, 1801), that is, before map sheet no. 46 of the "Topographischer Atlas" was surveyed in 1830 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 2020; see also Rabiger-Völlmer et al, 2020). Therefore, it is likely that the overall flow distance before the 19 th century was higher than observed and our correction value has to be adjusted based on further research.…”

Section: Main and Main Tributariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling pre-modern flow distances of inland waterways – a GIS study in southern Germany

Werther

Menn

Schmidt

et al. 2021

Virtual archaeol. rev.

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Rivers form major traffic arteries in pre-modern Central Europe and accurate regional to supra-regional network models of inland navigation are crucial for economic history. However, navigation distances have hitherto been based on modern flow distances, which could be a significant source of error due to modern changes in flow distance and channel pattern. Here, we use a systematic comparison of vectorized old maps, which enlighten the fluvial landscape before most of the large-scale river engineering took place, and modern opensource geodata to deduce change ratios of flow distance and channel patterns. The river courses have been vectorised, edited and divided into comparable grid units. Based on the thalweg, meandering and braided/anabranching river sections have been identified and various ratios have been calculated in order to detect changes in length and channel patterns. Our large-scale analytical approach and Geographic Information System (GIS) workflow are transferable to other rivers in order to deduce change ratios on a European scale. The 19th century flow distance is suitable to model pre-modern navigation distances. As a case study, we have used our approach to reconstruct changes of flow pattern, flow distance and subsequent changes in navigation distance and transportation time for the rivers Altmühl, Danube, Main, Regnitz, Rednitz, Franconian and Swabian Rezat (Southern Germany). The change ratio is rather heterogeneous with length and travel time changes of the main channel up to 24% and an extensive transformation of channel morphology in many river sections. Based on published travel time data, we have modelled the effect of our change ratios. Shipping between the commercial hubs Ulm and Regensburg, to give an example, was up to 5 days longer based on pre-modern distances. This is highly significant and underlines the necessity for river-specific correction values to model supra-regional networks of pre-modern inland waterways and navigation with higher precision.Highlights:<ul><li>Systematic comparison of old maps and modern geodata to deduce river-specific length correction values to improve supra-regional network models of pre-modern inland navigation.</li><li>Large-scale analytical approach and transferable GIS workflow for flow distance reconstruction with case studies in Southern Germany.</li><li>Length changes of navigated fairways result in pre-modern period travel times up to 24% higher in corrected models.</li></ul>

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Non-invasive prospection techniques and direct push sensing as high-resolution validation tools in wetland geoarchaeology – Artificial water supply at a Carolingian canal in South Germany?

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Kombination geophysikalischer und hydrogeologischer Methoden zur gezielten Erkundung feinkörniger Talfüllungen

Kombination geophysikalischer und hydrogeologischer Methoden zur gezielten Erkundung feinkörniger Talfüllungen

On the Way to the Fluvial Anthroposphere—Current Limitations and Perspectives of Multidisciplinary Research

Modelling pre-modern flow distances of inland waterways – a GIS study in southern Germany

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