Non-invasive skin cholesterol testing: a potential proxy for LDL-C and apoB serum measurements

Abstract

Background Lipid management is the first line of treatment for decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and a variety of indicators are used to evaluate lipid management. This work analyses the differences in LDL-C and apoB for lipid management evaluation, as well as explores the feasibility of skin cholesterol as a marker that can be measured non-invasively for lipid management. Methods The prospective study enrolled 121 patients who had been diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the department of emergency medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC from May 2020 to January 2021, and the patients were grouped into Group I (n=53) and Group II (n=68) according to whether they had comorbid hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes mellitus. All patients were administered 10 mg/day of rosuvastatin and observed for 12 weeks. Lipid management was assessed on the basis of LDL-C and apoB, and linear correlation models were employed to assess the relationship between changes in these well accepted markers to that of changes in skin cholesterol. Results Out of 121 patients with ACS, 53 patients (43.80 %) had combined hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes mellitus (Group I), while 68 patients (56.20 %) did not (Group II). Cardiovascular events occur at earlier ages in patients with CHD who are comorbid for hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes (P<0.05). LDL-C attainment rate is lower than apoB attainment rate with rosuvastatin therapy (P<0.05), which is mainly attributable to patients with low initial LDL-C. Skin cholesterol reduction correlated with LDL-C reduction. (r=0.501, P<0.001) and apoB reduction (r=0.538, P<0.001). Skin cholesterol reduction continued over all time points measured. Conclusions Examination of changes in apoB levels give patients with low initial LDL-C more informative data on lipid management than LDL-C readings. In addition, non-invasive skin cholesterol measurements may have the potential to be used independently for lipid management evaluation.

Putative Prevention of XML Injection Against Myocardial Ischemia Is Mediated by PKC and PLA2 Proteins

“…Atherosclerosis may result in myocardial ischemia via two different identities, acute coronary syndrome (ACS, type 1 MI) and prolonged myocardial oxygen supply–demand imbalance (type 2 MI) ( Smit et al, 2020 ). ACS occurs because of an unstable plaque rupture or endothelial ulceration and is influenced by factors such as inflammation ( Casscells et al, 2003 ) and hyperlipidemia ( Lai et al, 2021 ). Our study showed that among the top ten KEGG pathways associated with XML injection treatment, five were associated with inflammation and hyperlipidemia, including “PPAR signaling pathway,” “arachidonic acid metabolism,” “regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,” and “fat digestion and absorption” ( Figure 3D ).…”