Non-nucleoside structured compounds with antiviral activity—past 10 years (2010–2020)

Abstract

Nucleosides and their derivatives are a well-known and well-described class of compounds with antiviral activity. Currently, in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists are also looking for compounds not related to nucleosides with antiviral properties. This review aims to provide an overview of selected synthetic antiviral agents not associated to nucleosides developed against human viruses and introduced to preclinical and clinical trials as well as drugs approved for antiviral therapy over the last 10 years. The article describes for the first time the wide classification of such antiviral drugs and drug candidates and briefly summarizes the biological target and clinical applications of the compounds. The described compounds are arranged according to the antiviral mechanism of action. Knowledge of the drug's activity toward specific molecular targets may be the key to researching new antiviral compounds and repositioning drugs already approved for clinical use. The paper also briefly discusses the future directions of antiviral therapy. The described examples of antiviral compounds can be helpful for further drug development.

Synthesis of a New Heterocyclic System: Pyrimidine Structural Analogues of Natural Integrastatins A, B

“…It should be noted that the pyrimidine core exhibits activity both against HIV integrase and against reverse transcriptase and protease. 5 6 At the same time, compounds with a pyrimidine ring in the structure have significant anticancer activity. 7,8 The antituberculosis activity of pyrimidine derivatives is also currently being actively studied as promising drugs to combat strains resistant to isoniazid, rifampicinand some fluoroquinolones 9 (Figure 1 ).…”

“…Their activity as part of antiretroviral therapy against HIV has been studied for a long time. It should be noted that the pyrimidine core exhibits activity both against HIV integrase and against reverse transcriptase and protease [5,6]. At the same time, compounds with a pyrimidine ring in the structure have significant anticancer activity [7,8].…”

Fluorinated Analogues of Lepidilines A and C: Synthesis and Screening of Their Anticancer and Antiviral Activity

“…Nevertheless, the antiviral activity of complex Maca extracts against the human influenza virus was studied, and remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of Flu-A and Flu-B were demonstrated [ 9 ]. Prompted by this observation, and taking into account the reported antiviral properties of some imidazole-based compounds [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], we decided to check the antiviral activity of lepidilines A and C and a series of oxy-imidazolium salts that can be considered close structural analogues of these alkaloids.…”

Design, Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Novel 2-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamides

“…嘧啶是一种重要的杂环药效团, 其衍生物具有广泛 的生物活性, 如杀菌 [12] 、除草 [13] 、抗病毒 [14] 、抗肿瘤 [15] 、 抗炎 [16] 等生物活性. 仅在农用杀菌剂方面, 就有嘧菌 胺、氟嘧菌胺、嘧菌酯等 10 多个优良品种 [17] .…”