Non-polio enterovirus association with persistent diarrhea in children as revealed by a follow-up study of an Indian cohort during the first two years of life

Rao, D. Narayana; Reddy, Harikrishna; Sudheendra, K.; Raghavendra, A.; Varadharaj, Vembuli; Edula, Surekha; Goparaju, Ramya; Ratnakar, Bharath; Rao, Arni S.R. Srinivasa; Maiya, P. P.; Babu, Maya A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.015

Cited by 16 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Enterovirus infections are common and include numerous human and animal pathogens, as well as highly prevalent genotypes with low or rare pathogenic outcomes (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72). Disease induction by enteroviruses is likely to be influenced by viral genotypes, host genetics, and immunological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Kapusinszky

Ardeshir

Mulvaney

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Diarrhea is the major cause of non-research-associated morbidity and mortality affecting the supply of rhesus macaques and, potentially, their responses to experimental treatments. Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) in rhesus macaques also resembles ulcerative colitis, one form of human inflammatory bowel disease. To test for viral etiologies, we characterized and compared the fecal viromes from 32 healthy animals, 31 animals with acute diarrhea, and 29 animals with ICD. The overall fractions of eukaryotic viral reads were 0.063% for the healthy group, 0.131% for the acute-diarrhea group, and 0.297% for the chronic-diarrhea group. Eukaryotic viruses belonging to 6 viral families, as well as numerous circular Rep-encoding singlestranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viral genomes, were identified. The most commonly detected sequences were from picornaviruses, making up 59 to 88% of all viral reads, followed by 9 to 17% for CRESS DNA virus sequences. The remaining 5 virus families, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Anelloviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Parvoviridae, collectively made up 1 to 3% of the viral reads, except for parvoviruses, which made up 23% of the viral reads in the healthy group. Detected members of the families Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were highly diverse, consisting of multiple genera, species, and genotypes. Coinfections with members of up to six viral families were detected. Complete and partial viral genomes were assembled and used to measure the number of matching short sequence reads in feces from the 92 animals in the two clinical and the healthy control groups. Several enterovirus genotypes and CRESS DNA genomes were associated with ICD relative to healthy animals. Conversely, higher read numbers from different parvoviruses were associated with healthy animals. Our study reveals a high level of enteric coinfections with diverse viruses in a captive rhesus macaque colony and identifies several viruses positively or negatively associated with ICD.KEYWORDS enterovirus, sapelovirus, parvovirus, CRESS-DNA, idiopathic diarrhea, rhesus macaques, enteric disease etiology W e compared the enteric viromes of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with acute and idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) to those of healthy animals using a case-control study. The genomes of several known and new viruses were characterized using metagenomics. We showed that some specific enterovirus genotypes and some small circular DNA genomes are associated with chronic idiopathic diarrhea, providing candidates for further testing of their pathogenicity. Other viruses, including some parvoviruses, were found at significantly higher levels in healthy animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Kapusinszky

Ardeshir

Mulvaney

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…In 2014, Rao et al 2 showed that NPEV was the main infectious agent detected in children with persistent diarrhea and a significant association of NPEV with acute diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, it has been estimated about 3-5 billion of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases per year and about 1.4-2.5 million deaths gastroenteritis related disease annually 1,2 . It is estimated that about 30-40% of diarrheal cases remain unknown etiology although more sensitive molecular methods are available 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High circulation of non-polio enteroviruses among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil

Mota¹,

Monteiro²,

Freitas³

et al. 2016

Rev Pan-Amaz Saude

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“…Our recent two-year follow-up study revealed that every child had more than one infection during the first two years of life, with majority of the infections lasting less than a week and about 6% becoming persistent, some of them prolonging for more than three months (Rao et al, 2014). Since systematic epidemiological studies on incidence of enterovirus infections in infants and young children, ranging from birth to two years of age are lacking in both developed and developing countries, especially their role in acute and persistent diarrhoea, it is difficult to assess the total burden of enterovirus infections in the world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs are also known to cause persistent infections in humans, lasting for several months (Martin 2004;Martin 2006;Li et al, 2013). This wide variation in the degree of disease symptoms likely reflects the significant genetic variation not only among different enterovius serotypes, but within strains belonging to 458 C Durga Rao the same serotype (Borzakian et al, 1993;Duncan et al, 1998;Ramsingh and Collins 1995;Coleman et al, 2008;Yetterberg et al, 1987;Song et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2013;Rao et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

Rao¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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Enteroviruses consist of a large group of pathogenic viruses, poliovirus being the notorious member. For the last several decades, all the attention and resources were directed towards control and eradication of poliomyelitis in India. There is very little research on non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), the cousins of poliovirus, which are associated with a wide range of diseases, especially in infants and young children. We have established an active research group on NPEVs during the last six years and showed that about 35% of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (NP-AFP) children were positive for NPEV infections, and detected 66 serotypes in NP-AFP children, EV71 being more frequently detected followed by Echovirus 13 and CVB5. Long-term comparative epidemiological studies on NPEVs and rotavirus in acute diarrhoea revealed for the first time, that, NPEV association is as significant as that of rotavirus. A surprising observation was the contrasting seasonal prevalence between enterovus-and rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, the former predominating in non-winter months and the latter occurring primarily in the winter season. NPEVs were associated with epidemics-like outbreaks during which they were detected in up to 50% children with acute diarrhoea. In recent years, enterovirus has been identified to be associated with acute encephalitis cases in Uttar Pradesh. HFMD outbreaks have been reported in recent years, including a major outbreak in Bangalore in 2013. Since, no studies exist in India on the biology of EVs, including HFMD, we have recently initiated work on this emerging disease. Our studies uncover an urgent need for detailed studies on these "so far" neglected and emerging viruses for effective child health management in the country.

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Non-polio enterovirus association with persistent diarrhea in children as revealed by a follow-up study of an Indian cohort during the first two years of life

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

High circulation of non-polio enteroviruses among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil

Non-Polio Enteroviruses, the Neglected and Emerging Human Pathogens:Are we Waiting for the Sizzling Enterovirus Volcano to Erupt?

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