Non-resonant microwave absorption studies in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x

Anomalous hysteresis studies in Bi-2223/Bi-2212 superconductors by non-resonant microwave absorption (NRMA) with special reference to energy stabilized Josephson (ESJ) fluxons

“…On increasing temperature up to 95 K conductors also. The former signal at zero field has been associated both the signals were found to grow in intensity indicating that the with motion of IGBJ fluxons [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Whereas the latter broad hump number of IGBJ fluxons and ESJ fluxons increases as the temperature signal been associated with motion of ESJ fluxons [21b, 30,31].…”

“…Details of preparation and characterization of these samples have been reported elsewhere [16,17]. These sintered Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 pellets are nearly single phasic as suggested by X-ray diffraction and have Tc ∼ 96 K [16] and 117.2 K [17] respectively.…”

“…For high field scans, the field was varied between −50 (+50) to +1000 (−1000) G. For low field scans, the field was varied between −50 (+50) to +50 (−50) G. EPR signal of standard reference sample of diphenyl picryl hydrazil (DPPH) under identical conditions was also taken in order to see the phase of the NRMA signal. Other details of NRMA measurements are given in our earlier papers [16,17].…”

“…In intrinsically granular unconventional high-Tc superconducting materials like cuprates, the magnetization hysteresis due to trapping of magnetic fluxons at various defects has been studied previously by using (1) direct magnetization methods like: DC magnetic field (HDC) variation of (i) flux density (B), (ii) microwave surface resistance (Rs), (iii) transport critical current density (Jc) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and (2) modulated magnetic field variation of non-resonant microwave absorption (P) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…[23][24][25][26]. It is surprising that despite the voluminous literature on the NRMA hysteresis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], only a few groups [11,12,18] have mentioned about its anomalous nature and related it to the most successful model by Ji et al [6] and its modifications by Mahel et al [11] and Ramachandran et al [18]. However, these modifications have their own limitations too.…”