Non‐Surgical Therapy Reduces Presence of JP2 Clone in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

Abstract

Background Previous studies have provided substantial evidence on the association of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and its highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype, with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). The present study aims to evaluate the presence of JP2 in LAP individuals following periodontal treatment. Methods Sixty African American LAP patients between ages 5 and 25 years were examined. At baseline, pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index were measured and subgingival plaque was collected from both LAP diseased sites and healthy sites for each participant. Patients received whole-mouth ultrasonic debridement, scaling and root planning and a 7-day prescription of amoxicillin and metronidazole. Participants were re-evaluated, re-sampled and received regular maintenance therapy at 3, 6 and 12-months post-treatment. PCR technique was used detect presence of the JP2 genotype before and after treatment. Results At baseline, the JP2 sequence was identified in 75% of LAP diseased sites and in 56.67% of healthy sites. At 3, 6 and 12-months post-treatment, patient compliance was 40, 31 and 31, respectively, and JP2 detection decreased to 17.5%, 6.45% and 3.23% respectively, in diseased sites (P<0.001) and to 2.5%, 3.23% and 0% respectively, in healthy sites (P<0.001). Clinical parameters of disease were also significantly reduced after therapy (p<0001). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between JP2 presence and mean PD (p < 0.002) and CAL (p < 0.001), post-therapy. Conclusion Periodontal therapy was successful in reducing clinical parameters of LAP and the subgingival presence of JP2 in diseased and healthy sites.

Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a large collection of clinical strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans does not identify resistance to amoxicillin

“…Reports on the use of antimicrobial treatment of patients suffering from A. actinomycetemcomitans —periodontitis recommend amoxicillin plus metronidazole (Burgess et al, ; Cortelli et al, ; Keestra et al, ; van Winkelhoff et al, ). Activity of the latter agent is restricted to anaerobic bacteria, while the spectrum of the β‐lactam agent amoxicillin is broad and comprises multiple oral bacteria, including members of the family Pasteurellaceae .…”

Prevalence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Oral Hygiene Practice of Kenyan Adolescents in Maasai Mara

“…Thus, JP2 genotype carriers with severe periodontitis might appear geographically widespread, and therefore this topic is relevant to clinicians all over the world. Despite the finding that the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans is less frequent in continents other than Africa, both individuals and migrants from the African continent as well as individuals not originating from African countries can be carriers of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans [ 12 , 16 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Except for clear signs of a high prevalence of the JP2 genotype in North and West African countries, the dissemination of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans to the remaining parts of the African continent is not known or has been very rarely examined and reported [ 31 ].…”

Effect of periodontal treatment on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans colonization and serum IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Omp29 of aggressive periodontitis patients

“…Therefore, a reduction in the amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans belonging to the JP2 clone in affected sites would also be expected in patients who presented clinical improvement. In a previous study conducted in patients with LAgP, the same periodontal treatment adopted in our study promoted the reduction of the presence of JP2 clone in diseased sites (Burges et al, ). The JP2 clone is a genotype belonging to serotype b , which not only expresses higher levels of the leukotoxin, a main evasion mechanism of A. actinomycetemcomitans (Brogan, Lally, Poulsen, Kilian, & Demuth, ), but has also other genes with an expression ratio different from the other genotypes (Huang et al, ).…”