Non-Terrestrial Networks in 5G &amp; Beyond: A Survey

Rinaldi, Federica; Määttänen, Helka Liina; Torsner, Johan; Pizzi, Sara; Andreev, Sergey; Iera, Antonio; Koucheryavy, Yevgeni; Araniti, Giuseppe

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022981

Cited by 268 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Vertical handover is another challenge associated with service continuity assurance where proactive algorithms are required with capabilities to adapt to differences in cell size (1-50 km diameter in terrestrial networks, 2.000-20.000 km in satellite networks) and cell mobility (in case of LEO) requiring tracking as well as specific mobile-to-fixed handover capabilities [21]. Other integration challenges involve advanced interference management [84], functional and performance adaptations of terrestrial and airborne networks, including e.g., adaptation of time-dependent processes such as synchronization and scheduling to ensure resilience to longer RTT delays of satellite systems, frequency reuse strategies coordinated with spectrum sharing between the integrated wireless networks [99], [97], as well as Doppler frequency tracking and compensation to compensate speed differences between satellite (approx. 7 km/s) and terrestrial (up to 500 km/h) networks [21], [98].…”

Section: A Radio Access Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Experimentation for Public Safety: Technologies, Facilities and Use Cases

Volk

Sterle

2021

IEEE Access

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Today, legacy PMRs continue to be the only group of tested, verified and certified technologies for the Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) sector. For the fifth generation (5G) to follow suit, substantial hands-on experimentation with functional, architectural and deployment aspects is required, and further test trials need to take place in order to inform and enable future verification and certification procedures for 5G to become a proven PPDR technology. This paper studies 5G PPDR experimentation associated with novel virtualized and cloud-native 5G technologies, architectures and deployment options, as well as feasibility studies and field performance and verifications trials involving vertical-specific 5G infrastructures and applications. Key enabling technologies, such as massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), device-to-device (D2D), network slicing and multi-access edge computing (MEC) are discussed and 5G PPDR architecture and deployment options are investigated. A dedicated 5G PPDR experimentation facility is presented, and a case study of hands-on experimentation is provided. Two distinct scenarios are discussed, i.e., emergency augmentation of the terrestrial 5G PPDR network with rapidly deployable on-site capacities in the area of a public safety incident, and availability and reliability of decision-support PPDR applications on the field. Experience with the deployment and verification insights are accompanied by the results of quality of service (QoS) and non-functional key performance indicators (KPI) assessment that were exhibited during the experiment. The experimentation outcomes confirm the ability of the facility to support emulated laboratory experimentation specifically designed to tackle 5G challenges for this particular vertical as well as field studies recreating realistic public safety operations.INDEX TERMS 5G, mobile communications, public safety, public protection and disaster relief, mission critical communications, network architecture, network deployment, experimentation, field trial.

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Section: A Radio Access Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Experimentation for Public Safety: Technologies, Facilities and Use Cases

Volk

Sterle

2021

IEEE Access

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“…where lim denotes the maximum distance between the RSS and either the transmitter (Tx) or the receiver (Rx) in the specular reflection paradigm 1 , and is the total RSS area. When the length and width dimensions of the RSS units are large enough, i.e., above 10 , and the distance separating the RSS from the Tx/Rx is less than lim , then the RSS can be considered in the near-field.…”

Section: A the Specular Reflection Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the inherent limitations of terrestrial environments, non-terrestrial networks are envisioned as an enabling technology for ubiquitous connectivity in future wireless communications. Indeed, non-terrestrial networks address several issues, including coverage holes and blind spots, sudden increase in throughput demands, and terrestrial networks failures [1]. Aerial platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), high altitude platform station (HAPS), and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, are able to address these challenges due to their wider coverage footprints, strong line-of-sight (LoS) links, and flexible deployment compared to terrestrial networks [2]- [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Budget Analysis for Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces in Aerial Platforms

Alfattani¹,

Jaafar²,

Hmamouche³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div>Non-terrestrial networks, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) and Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, are expected to have a pivotal role in the sixth generation wireless networks. With their inherent features such as flexible placement, wide footprint, and preferred channel conditions, they can tackle several challenges in current terrestrial networks. However, their successful and widespread adoption relies on energy-efficient on-board communication systems. In this context, the integration of Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces (RSS) into aerial platforms is envisioned as a key enabler of energy-efficient and cost-effective deployments of aerial platforms. Indeed, RSS consist of low-cost reflectors capable of smartly directing signals in a nearly passive way. We investigate in this paper the link budget of RSS-assisted communications under the two discussed RSS reflection paradigms in the literature, namely the specular and the scattering reflection paradigm types. Specifically, we analyze the characteristics of RSS-equipped aerial platforms and compare their communication performance with that of RSS-assisted terrestrial networks, using standardized channel models. In addition, we derive the optimal aerial platforms placements under both reflection paradigms. The obtained results provide important insights for the design of RSS-assisted communications. For instance, given that a HAPS has a large RSS surface, it provides superior link budget performance in most studied scenarios. In contrast, the limited RSS area on UAVs and the large propagation loss in LEO satellite communications make them unfavorable candidates for supporting terrestrial users. Finally, the optimal location of the RSS-equipped platform may depend on the platform’s altitude, coverage footprint, and type of environment.</div>

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“…In this aspect, aerial networks are one of the strongest candidates for coverage enhancement, particularly the UAVs, HAPs, and satellites (Zhou et al, 2020). These networks can enhance the coverage by acting as base stations or relaying nodes (Rinaldi et al, 2020;Saarnisaari et al, 2020). Other ways to achieve the coverage enhancement include large scale ad-hoc networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, and mobile base stations.…”

Section: Coverage Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Wireless Communication in Healthcare System to Cater Disaster Situations Under 6G Vision

2020

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The natural disasters created by infectious diseases have a formidable impact on people and societies. Without affecting the city infrastructure, pandemics leave the places abandoned because of the shortage of human resources, either due to deaths, illness, or unwillingness to work because of health risks. However, providing a timely response can prevent losses from occurring due to the virus dissemination. Since the first reported case of influenza in 1918 to the current pandemic Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), the system playing a key role in saving human lives is healthcare. Nowadays, smart healthcare system development is a popular trend and wireless communication is the backbone of such systems. To provide patients with diagnosis, treatments, and several health services both within hospitals and remotely, all the healthcare units must be equipped with advanced technologies. A rapid response unit is also required to handle the thrust of the patients and queries generated during disasters. This paper discusses healthcare communication challenges and possible solutions for early awareness and rapid response in disaster situations under the human-centric vision of sixth-generation wireless technologies.

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Non-Terrestrial Networks in 5G & Beyond: A Survey

Cited by 268 publications

References 108 publications

5G Experimentation for Public Safety: Technologies, Facilities and Use Cases

5G Experimentation for Public Safety: Technologies, Facilities and Use Cases

Link Budget Analysis for Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces in Aerial Platforms

Role of Wireless Communication in Healthcare System to Cater Disaster Situations Under 6G Vision

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