Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A spectrum of clinical and pathological severity☆, ☆☆

Matteoni, Christi A.; Younossi, Zobair M.; Gramlich, Terry L.; Boparai, Navdeep; Liu, Yao Chang; McCullough, Arthur J.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70506-8

Cited by 3,017 publications

(2,636 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…4,7 The long term outcomes of patients with NAFLD and NASH have been reported in several studies. 31,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Their detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this guideline, but their findings can be summarized as follows; (a) patients with NAFLD have increased overall mortality compared to matched control populations, (b) the most common cause of death in patients with NAFLD, NAFL and NASH is cardiovascular disease, and (c) patients with NASH (but not NAFL) have an increased liver-related mortality rate.…”

Section: Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with fatty liver who are very young or not overweight should be tested for monogenic causes of chronic liver disease such as fatty acid oxidation defects, lysosomal storage diseases and peroxisomal disorders, in addition to those causes considered for adults. (Strength -2, Quality -C) 38. Low serum titers of autoantibodies are often present in children with NAFLD, but higher titers, particularly in association with higher serum aminotransferases and high globulin should prompt a liver biopsy to evaluate for possible autoimmune hepatitis.…”

Section: Diagnosis In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

et al. 2012

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Section: Natural Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

et al. 2012

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“…Of these patients with NASH, 23% progress to liver cirrhosis in 10-15 years [127]. It has been observed that at the time of diagnosis, advanced fibrosis is already found in 30-40% of NASH patients, and 10-15% already have established cirrhosis.…”

Section: Nash and Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2010

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Introduction The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) convened an international working party on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in December 2008 to develop consensus recommendations. Methods The working party consisted of expert hepatologist, hepatobiliary surgeon, radiologist, and oncologist from Asian-Pacific region, who were requested to make drafts prior to the consensus meeting held at Bali, Indonesia on 4 December 2008. The quality of existing evidence and strength of recommendations were ranked from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest) and from A (strongest) to D (weakest), respectively, according to the Oxford system of evidence-based approach for developing the consensus statements. 123Hepatol Int (2010) 4: 439-474 DOI 10.1007/s12072-010-9165-7 Results Participants of the consensus meeting assessed the quality of cited studies and assigned grades to the recommendation statements. Finalized recommendations were presented at the fourth APASL single topic conference on viral-related HCC at Bali, Indonesia and approved by the participants of the conference.

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“…In addition, insulin seems to posses direct profibrogenic effects by stimulating connective tissue growth factor, especially in the presence of hyperglycemia [124]. This may explain the observation that patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a very poor prognosis [127][128][129]. Evidence [130] indicates that insulin may be directly involved in causing endoplasmic reticulum stress along with the unfolding protein response and apoptosis.…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of free radicals in liver diseases

2009

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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are produced by metabolism of normal cells. However, in liver diseases, redox is increased thereby damaging the hepatic tissue; the capability of ethanol to increase both ROS/RNS and peroxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins was demonstrated in a variety of systems, cells, and species, including humans. ROS/RNS can activate hepatic stellate cells, which are characterized by the enhanced production of extracellular matrix and accelerated proliferation. Cross-talk between parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells is one of the most important events in liver injury and fibrogenesis; ROS play an important role in fibrogenesis throughout increasing platelet-derived growth factor. Most hepatocellular carcinomas occur in cirrhotic livers, and the common mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis is chronic inflammation associated with severe oxidative stress; other risk factors are dietary aflatoxin B 1 consumption, cigarette smoking, and heavy drinking. Ischemia-reperfusion injury affects directly on hepatocyte viability, particularly during transplantation and hepatic surgery; ischemia activates Kupffer cells which are the main source of ROS during the reperfusion period. The toxic action mechanism of paracetamol is focused on metabolic activation of the drug, depletion of glutathione, and covalent binding of the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-pbenzoquinone imine to cellular proteins as the main cause of hepatic cell death; intracellular steps critical for cell death include mitochondrial dysfunction and, importantly, the formation of ROS and peroxynitrite. Infection with hepatitis C is associated with increased levels of ROS/RNS and decreased antioxidant levels. As a consequence, antioxidants have been proposed as an adjunct therapy for various liver diseases.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A spectrum of clinical and pathological severity☆, ☆☆

Cited by 3,017 publications

References 23 publications

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma

Role of free radicals in liver diseases

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