Noncoding RNA therapeutics — challenges and potential solutions

Winkle, Melanie; El‐Daly, Sherien M.; Fabbri, Muller; Calin, George A.

doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z

Cited by 1,003 publications

(829 citation statements)

References 351 publications

(373 reference statements)

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“…Research carried out in the last two decades has revealed different classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are generated from the larger part of the genome that does not encode proteins, but they are capable of regulating gene expression and protein function. The two main classes of ncRNAs are the short ncRNAs (miRNAs) and the long ncRNAs (IncRNAs) [34,35]. MiRNAs are the main class of small noncoding RNAs, which are present in animals, plants, and some viruses [36,37].…”

Section: Biogenesis Of Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

Muñoz‐Carrillo

Vázquez-Alcaraz

Vargas-Barbosa

et al. 2021

Cells

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The dental pulp can be affected by thermal, physical, chemical, and bacterial phenomena that stimulate the inflammatory response. The pulp tissue produces an immunological, cellular, and vascular reaction in an attempt to defend itself and resolve the affected tissue. The expression of different microRNAs during pulp inflammation has been previously documented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small molecules involved in the transcription of genes that regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response. They are present in cellular and physiological functions, as well as in the pathogenesis of human diseases, becoming potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and safety. Previous studies have evidenced the different roles played by miRNAs in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunological phenomena in the dental pulp, highlighting specific key functions of pulp pathology. This systematized review aims to provide an understanding of the role of the different microRNAs detected in the pulp and their effects on the expression of the different target genes that are involved during pulp inflammation.

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Section: Biogenesis Of Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells 2021, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 20 ncRNAs (IncRNAs) [34,35]. MiRNAs are the main class of small noncoding RNAs, which are present in animals, plants, and some viruses [36,37].…”

Section: Biogenesis Of Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

Muñoz‐Carrillo

Vázquez-Alcaraz

Vargas-Barbosa

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The field of RNA-based therapeutics has yet to overcome multiple obstacles, such as the delivery system, target specificity and immunogenicity [352]. One of the biggest concerns is the identification of the best (and most functional) target, as most ncRNAs are not extensively characterized.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding Variants in Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Potential for Personalized Medicine

Lange

Begolli

Giakountis

2021

ncRNA

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The cancer genome is characterized by extensive variability, in the form of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) or structural variations such as Copy Number Alterations (CNAs) across wider genomic areas. At the molecular level, most SNPs and/or CNAs reside in non-coding sequences, ultimately affecting the regulation of oncogenes and/or tumor-suppressors in a cancer-specific manner. Notably, inherited non-coding variants can predispose for cancer decades prior to disease onset. Furthermore, accumulation of additional non-coding driver mutations during progression of the disease, gives rise to genomic instability, acting as the driving force of neoplastic development and malignant evolution. Therefore, detection and characterization of such mutations can improve risk assessment for healthy carriers and expand the diagnostic and therapeutic toolbox for the patient. This review focuses on functional variants that reside in transcribed or not transcribed non-coding regions of the cancer genome and presents a collection of appropriate state-of-the-art methodologies to study them.

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“…Therefore, therapeutic strategy targeting ncRNAs could be designed as to block chemoresistance related ncRNAs by siRNAs. Because the short nucleotides such as siRNAs are easy to be degraded in vivo, novel efficient delivery systems are needed for successful delivery of short nucleotides into target cells [183]. Recently, nanoparticle delivery systems have been used for delivery of ncRNAs to pancreatic cancer cells and tumor microenvironments for the treatment of pancreatic cancer [184,185].…”

Section: Ncrnas Regulated Drug Sensitivity In Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: Focus on lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs

Hallak

Philip

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignance with high mortality. The lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy contributes to the high mortality of this deadly disease. For a long time being, the alterations in coding RNAs have been considered as major targets for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, with the advances in high-throughput next generation of sequencing more alterations in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in different cancers. Further mechanistic studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNAs (circRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) play vital roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, tumor progression and prognosis. In recent years, increasing studies have focused on the roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Novel findings have demonstrated that lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA are critically involved in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signal transduction in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of roles of lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ncRNAs and related signaling in pancreatic cancer therapy. The information provided here will help to find new strategies for better treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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Noncoding RNA therapeutics — challenges and potential solutions

Cited by 1,003 publications

References 351 publications

The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

Non-Coding Variants in Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Potential for Personalized Medicine

Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: Focus on lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs

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