“…For CMCs with complex 3D braided structures, surface investigation methods are insufficient to investigate failure mechanisms that are related to the internal microstructures. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) can provide volumetric information on the microstructure of complex materials and has been applied in qualitative examinations of the porosity and microstructures of a range of CMCs [17,[31][32][33]. In situ studies allow damage evolution to be observed, and can support the use of image-based simulations to understand the effects of microstructure on crack initiation [34,35].…”