Nondestructive Testing for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Abstract

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Ground-penetrating radar prospections at the Roman Domus of Mdina (Malta)

“…Furthermore, the reflection event labelled "A1" in the North-West part of the radar section at depth of about 1.5 m shows a change in the electromagnetic (EM) wave polarity. When radar energy is reflected from a buried interface where the EM wave velocity decreases, the polarity of the reflected wave will be the same as the direct-wave generated from the transmitting antenna (Conyers 2012;Leucci 2019). This is the normal case in most ground conditions, and therefore, most reflections are recorded as normally polarised sine waves.…”

“…A growing community of archaeologists has been incorporating GPR as a routine field procedure for landscape analysis (Conyers and Goodman 1997;Gaffney and Gater 2003;Conyers 2004;Leucci 2015Leucci , 2019. The efficacy and applicability of GPR in the detection of unexcavated structures have largely demonstrated (Conyers and Goodman 1997).…”

New Data on the Messapian Necropolis of Monte D’Elia in Alezio (Apulia, Italy) from Topographical and Geophysical Surveys

“…Data were acquired in continuous mode on the overall surface of the seven investigated areas, along 0.5 m-spaced survey lines, using 512 samples per trace, 80 ns time window for 600 MHz antenna and 160 ns time window for 200 MHz antenna, and a manual time-varying gain function. Transect spacing should be less than one half the wavelength of possible reflections returned from the smallest target to be mapped [36,37,38].…”

“…The reflection events labelled 31 is visible at depth from about 0.40 m to 0.60 m. The dimension (about 0.80 m) and shape suggest that it is probably related to the presence of a tomb. Particularly it is important to underline that this event show a polarity inversion of the electromagnetic wave and this is related to the presence of void [38].…”

Introductory Chapter: Failures Analysis

“…Some of them can be recommended for the readers to obtain more information. They include monographs or edited books by Holm and Tomasz [1], Velázquez and Luis [2], Makhlouf and Aliofkhazraei [3], Greuter and Zima [4], and Hinton et al [5], and review papers by Blandford [6], Orifici et al [7], Ossai et al [8], Liu and Zheng [9], Breitenstein and Sturm [10], Louis [11], Hellier [12], Hemeda and Pitilakis [13], Hemeda [14], Giovanni [15], and among others. Even so, we believe the present book is useful to the readers.…”