Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Bimetallic Catalysts

Abstract

Bimetallic glucose oxidation electrocatalysts were synthesized by two electrochemical reduction reactions carried out in series onto a titanium electrode. Nickel was deposited in the first synthesis stage followed by either silver or copper in the second stage to form Ag@Ni and Cu@Ni bimetallic structures. The chemical composition, crystal structure, and morphology of the resulting metal coating of the titanium electrode were investigated by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the coated titanium electrodes toward glucose oxidation was probed using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. It was found that the unique high surface area bimetallic structures have superior electrocatalytic activity compared to nickel alone. The resulting catalyst-coated titanium electrode served as a nonenzymatic glucose sensor with high sensitivity and low limit of detection for glucose. The Cu@Ni catalyst enables accurate measurement of glucose over the concentration range of 0.2−12 mM, which includes the full normal human blood glucose range, with the maximum level extending high enough to encompass warning levels for prediabetic and diabetic conditions. The sensors were also found to perform well in the presence of several chemical compounds found in human blood known to interfere with nonenzymatic sensors.

The Fluorescent Detection of Glucose and Lactic Acid Based on Fluorescent Iron Nanoclusters

“…For example, glucose serum content in healthy people and diabetic patients are usually in the concentration range of 3–8 mmol·L −1 (mM) and 2–40 mM [ 6 ]. By accurately measuring glucose levels in diabetic patients, their diabetes can be effectively monitored and treated [ 7 ].…”

Controlled synthesized of ternary Cu-Co-Ni-S sulfides nanoporous network structure on carbon fiber paper: a superior catalytic electrode for highly-sensitive glucose sensing

“…Noble metals, such as gold and platinum, exhibit exceptional catalytic performance and biocompatibility, making them ideal catalysts for nonenzymatic glucose sensors. However, their susceptibility to chloride ion deactivation poses a challenge alongside their relatively high cost [ 9 , 10 ]. Transition metal sulfides have garnered considerable attention in recent times due to their abundant sources, good stability, high electrical conductivity, and excellent catalytic properties [ 11 ].…”