Nonequilibrium Roughness Evolution of Small Molecule Mixed Films Reflecting Equilibrium Phase Behavior

Abstract

Understanding nonequilibrium phenomena, such as growth, and connecting them to equilibrium phase behavior is a major challenge, in particular for complex multicomponent materials. We use Xray reflectivity to determine the surface roughness of binary mixtures of several prototypical organic compounds. By analyzing the roughness as a function of composition, we find a systematic behavior depending on the bulk phase behavior in terms of intermixing, co-crystallization, or phase separation. Supported by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we provide evidence that the growth behavior can be rationalized by a lowered step edge barrier in the mixed films which is induced by reduced in-plane crystallinity.