Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose

Zhang, Ruochong; Liu, Siyu; Jin, Haoran; Luo, Yunqi; Zheng, Zesheng; Gao, Fei; Zheng, Yuanjin

doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0012.v1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…In the noninvasive devices, no needles or direct contact with the body are needed [ 8 , 14 , 15 ]. Different techniques have been proposed for glucose level measurements such as electrical [ 8 ], optical [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], thermal [ 22 , 23 ] and radiofrequency [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] sensing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Level Sensing Using Single Asymmetric Split Ring Resonator

Saleh

Ateeq

Al-Naib

2021

Sensors

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In this article, a biosensor composed of a single metamaterial asymmetric resonator is specifically designed for sensing the glucose level of 1 µL of solution. The resonator has two gaps, and one of them ends with a semicircle shape on which the glucose solution is placed. This design helps in confining the drops of glucose solutions in a specific area where the field is maximally confined in order to enhance the electromagnetic wave-matter interaction. Six samples of glucose solutions with concentrations that cover hypoglycemia, normal and hyperglycemia conditions that vary from around 41 to 312 mg/dL were prepared and examined by this biosensor. The resonance frequency redshift was used as a measure of the changes in the glucose level of the solutions. Without glucose solution, an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated transmission amplitude was observed. The increase in glucose concentrations exhibited clear and noticeable redshifts in the resonance frequency. This biosensor revealed a 0.9997 coefficient of determination, which implies an excellent prediction fitting model. More importantly, a sensitivity of 438 kHz/(mg/dL) was observed over the range of concentrations of the aqueous solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Level Sensing Using Single Asymmetric Split Ring Resonator

Saleh

Ateeq

Al-Naib

2021

Sensors

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“…With the advances of optoelectronics, the optical sensors can be crafted into exible and thin lms, thereby allowing conformal adhesion to the skin for wearable purpose 10,11 . Therefore, many opticalbased non-invasive blood measurements devices are utilized for characterizing cardiovascular-related parameters, including oxygen saturation 12 , glucose level 13 , blood pressure 14 and blood ow 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flexible optoacoustic blood stethoscope for non-invasive multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring

Jin¹,

Zheng²,

Cui³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Quantitative and multiparametric blood analysis is of great clinical importance in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Current blood analysis methods are typically restricted to invasiveness, bulky instruments and complicated clinical procedures. Wearable devices can realize on-skin assessment of several vital signals but generally exhibit very limited blood analyzing functions. Here, we report a flexible optoacoustic blood stethoscope (OBS) for multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring, bypassing the need for invasive procedures. The device features the light delivery elements for blood illumination and the piezoelectric acoustic elements capable of capturing the light-induced acoustic waves. This flexible device can adhere to the skin for continuous and non-invasive in-situ monitoring of multiple cardiovascular biomarkers, including hypoxia, drug concentration decay, and hemodynamics, which can be further visualized with the tailored 3D algorithm. Demonstrations on both in-vivo animal trials and human subjects highlight the OBS's unique potential to provide a new avenue for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prediction.

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“…For example, one can calculate the conductivity and permittivity of the cytoplasm and of the interior of cell organelles, or the capacitance, conductance, porosity, and surface properties of the various cell membranes (Feldman et al 2003;Gabriel et al 1996;Hayashi et al 2003Hayashi et al , 2008Raicu and Feldman 2015;Takashima 1989). Consequently, DS or impedance spectroscopy has been actively used for the last two to three decades to investigate and build NIGM sensors in a wide frequency band from kilohertz to gigahertz (Caduff et al 2003a;Forst et al 2006;Huang et al 2019;Pfutzner et al 2004;Talary et al 2006) and increasingly to microwaves (Nikawa and Someya 2001;Siegel et al 2014Siegel et al , 2015Siegel et al , 2016Tierney et al 2001;Xiao and Li 2017) (Yilmaz et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring; water as a relevant marker of glucose uptake in vivo

2019

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With diabetes set to become the number 3 killer in the Western hemisphere and proportionally growing in other parts of the world, the subject of noninvasive monitoring of glucose dynamics in blood remains a "hot" topic, with the involvement of many groups worldwide. There is a plethora of techniques involved in this academic push, but the so-called multisensor system with an impedance-based core seems to feature increasingly strongly. However, the symmetrical structure of the glucose molecule and its shielding by the smaller dipoles of water would suggest that this option should be less enticing. Yet there is enough phenomenological evidence to suggest that impedance-based methods are truly sensitive to the biophysical effects of glucose variations in the blood. We have been trying to answer this very fundamental conundrum: "Why is impedance or dielectric spectroscopy sensitive to glucose concentration changes in the blood and why can this be done over a very broad frequency band, including microwaves?" The vistas for medical diagnostics are very enticing. There have been a significant number of papers published that look seriously at this problem. In this review, we want to summarize this body of research and the underlying mechanisms and propose a perspective toward utilizing the phenomena. It is our impression that the current world view on the dielectric response of glucose in solution, as outlined below, will support the further evolution and implementation toward practical noninvasive glucose monitoring solutions.

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Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

Glucose Level Sensing Using Single Asymmetric Split Ring Resonator

Glucose Level Sensing Using Single Asymmetric Split Ring Resonator

A flexible optoacoustic blood stethoscope for non-invasive multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring

Continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring; water as a relevant marker of glucose uptake in vivo

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