Noninvasive measurements of bone mass and their clinical significance

Cohn, S. H.; Aloia, John F.; Letteri, Joseph M.

doi:10.1007/bf02013225

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Dichromatic (dual photon) absorptiometers employ several photon energies and are thus capable of correcting for layers of fat and soft tissue overlying the bone [2]. Thus they offer a distinct advantage over single photon absorptiometers.…”

Section: Dual Photon Absorptiometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The principles of the various methods have recently been reviewed and their clinical applications described [2]. They have also been the focus of sessions at a number of meetings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DPA vs. TBNAA Currently the two techniques that appear most useful for determining bone status in osteoporotic individuals are dual photon absorptiometry and neutron activation analysis. A noninvasive measure of the degree of demineralization can be obtained by determining the actual amount of calcium in part or in the total skeleton by neutron activation [2,3]. Determination of the total and partial body calcium has been used widely in clinical studies in the past 10 years for the requisite calcium measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photon absorptiometry has been used principally to make a direct measurement of the linear density at one of two particular sites in the forearm; more recently, the technique has been used to obtain data on the bone mineral content of the spine [2,[4][5][6]. Of particular importance is the dual photon technique applied to the lumbar vertebrae.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Techniques for determining the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis

Cohn

1982

Calcif Tissue Int

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Each of the presently available noninvasive methods used to determine the nature and degree of changes in skeletal mass has significant advantages and limitations. Dual photon absorptiometric techniques generally have a very low radiation dose. They are also less expensive to construct than other systems. However, they provide information only on a highly localized portion of the axial skeleton. Computed tomography offers significant potential advantages over other techniques, but requires further work for the solution of inherent technical problems. Similarly, considerable additional work is required for the Compton scattering technique; the technical problems associated with this are even more formidable. Neutron activation analysis permits the direct in vivo measurement of total calcium content of the body and hence, skeletal mass. However, while there is vast clinical and research experience with partial body and total body neutron activation, the techniques are generally not routinely available for application in clinical centers. The question as to whether DPA of the spine, or total body calcium measurement best reflects changes in bone mass after therapy has not been resolved.

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Section: Dual Photon Absorptiometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The principles of the various methods have recently been reviewed and their clinical applications described [2]. They have also been the focus of sessions at a number of meetings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for determining the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis

Cohn

1982

Calcif Tissue Int

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“…Anthropometric methods for estimating bone mineral in the living are of relatively recent origin. Current methodologies are reviewed in a recent monograph edited by Cohn (1981). The contributing authors cover the basic principles and clinical applications of radiogrammetry, densitometry, photon absorptiometry, Compton scattering, computerized axial tomography, and neutron activation.…”

Section: Nutrition and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of physical anthropology

Robinow

1982

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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In recent decades physical anthropology has moved from its more traditional confines into many areas of clinical interest including growth and development, nutrition, clinical medicine, dysmorphology, and physical fitness. The "clinical applications" of physical anthropology is a broad topic, given the space limitations of a review. Hence, selected clinical applications, emphasizing anthropometry at the expense of physiology and genetics, are considered. Since the author is a pediatrician, the review concentrates largely on areas dealing with children.In the nineteenth century, physical anthropologists were largely limited to a few measuring tools: anthropometer, weighing scales, calipers and measuring tapes, and were handicapped by somewhat primitive statistics. Modern workers have enlarged their inventory of measuring tools, improved their methodology, and greatly refined the statistical treatment of data.Earlier physical anthropologists concentrated on a rather limited group of study areas: (1) the dimensions of the human body and their variation with age, sex and race, and, to a lesser extent, with occupation and social class; (2) prehistory and human evolution; (3) taxonomy of human races; and (4) the relationship between cranial dimensions and intelligence.Contemporary physical anthropologists continue to study the first two topics. In the third area, emphasis has changed from "racial" to "ethnic" differences. Racial taxonomies by anthropometric criteria have proved futile. "It is difficult to define races and the usefulness of this concept, at least as applied to man, is doubtful" (Carmelli and Cavalli-Sfoma, 1979, p. 41). Genetic affinities between populations are better expressed in terms of blood group and plasma protein polymorphisms. Interest in the fourth area waned after Pearson (1906) showed the extremely low correlations between head size and intelligence, though occasional studies in this area continue to surface (Susanne, 1979).Perhaps a major change in recent decades has been the impressive growth in the application of physical anthropology to clinical problems. For purposes of this review, the following areas of clinical application have been selected: (1) growth and development; (2) nutrition and public health; (3) clinical medicine; (4) dysmorphology; and (5) physical fitness and sports. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTThe late 1920s saw a rather sudden burst of interest in the causes of individual differences, both mental and physical. It was hoped that long-term studies of children 0096-848X/82/2501-0169$03.50 cc)

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Vanselow

Proppe

1984

Medizinische Informatik Und Statistik

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Noninvasive measurements of bone mass and their clinical significance

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Techniques for determining the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis

Techniques for determining the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis

Clinical applications of physical anthropology

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