Noninvasive quantification of total sodium concentrations in acute reperfused myocardial infarction using <sup>23</sup>Na MRI

Constantinides, Chris D.; Kraitchman, Dara L.; O'Brien, Kevin; Boada, Fernando E.; Gillen, Joseph; Bottomley, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/mrm.1311

Cited by 76 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Single and multiple quantum sodium NMR has been used extensively to study various biological tissues such as brain (89,90,104,(116)(117)(118)(119)(120), breast (121) heart (122)(123)(124)(125)(126)(127)(128), muscle (129,130), tumors (131)(132)(133), blood (122) and cartilage (27,93,(134)(135)(136) and reviewed in several articles (86,87,91,108,119,(137)(138)(139)(140)(141). In this review, however, we restrict our discussion to sodium NMR of cartilage.…”

Section: Multiple Quantum Filtered (Mqf) Nmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

et al. 2006

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In this article, both sodium magnetic resonance (MR) and T 1r relaxation mapping aimed at measuring molecular changes in cartilage for the diagnostic imaging of osteoarthritis are reviewed. First, an introduction to structure of cartilage, its degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) and an outline of diagnostic imaging methods in quantifying molecular changes and early diagnostic aspects of cartilage degeneration are described. The sodium MRI section begins with a brief overview of the theory of sodium NMR of biological tissues and is followed by a section on multiple quantum filters that can be used to quantify both bi-exponential relaxation and residual quadrupolar interaction. Specifically, (i) the rationale behind the use of sodium MRI in quantifying proteoglycan (PG) changes, (ii) validation studies using biochemical assays, (iii) studies on human OA specimens, (iv) results on animal models and (v) clinical imaging protocols are reviewed. Results demonstrating the feasibility of quantifying PG in OA patients and comparison with that in healthy subjects are also presented. The section concludes with the discussion of advantages and potential issues with sodium MRI and the impact of new technological advancements (e.g. ultra-high field scanners and parallel imaging methods). In the theory section on T 1r , a brief description of (i) principles of measuring T 1r relaxation, (ii) pulse sequences for computing T 1r relaxation maps, (iii) issues regarding radio frequency power deposition, (iv) mechanisms that contribute to T 1r in biological tissues and (v) effects of exchange and dipolar interaction on T 1r dispersion are discussed. Correlation of T 1r relaxation rate with macromolecular content and biomechanical properties in cartilage specimens subjected to trypsin and cytokineinduced glycosaminoglycan depletion and validation against biochemical assay and histopathology are presented. Experimental T 1r data from osteoarthritic specimens, animal models, healthy human subjects and as well from osteoarthritic patients are provided. The current status of T 1r relaxation mapping of cartilage and future directions is also discussed. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEYWORDS: cartilage; arthritis; spin-lock; T1rho; sodium; MRI OSTEOARTHRITIS Osteoarthritis (OA) affects more than half of the population above the age of 65 (1,2) and has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of elderly individuals (3). The economic costs in the USA from OA have been estimated to be more than 1% of the gross domestic product (4). OA is now increasingly viewed as a metabolically active joint disorder of diverse etiologies. The biochemistry of the disease is characterized by the following changes in cartilage: reduced proteoglycan (PG) concentration, possible changes in the size of collagen fibril and aggregation of PG, increased water content and increased rate of synthesis and degradation of matrix macromolecules. The earliest changes in the cartilage due to OA result in a partial breakdown in the proteoglyc...

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Section: Multiple Quantum Filtered (Mqf) Nmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

et al. 2006

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“…105 23 Na MRI at 1.5 T has been applied to a human cohort of subacute (8-day) and chronic (6-month) MI. 106 23 Na signal intensity was increased at both time points and correlated with the extent of wall motion abnormalities by cine MRI.…”

Section: Sodium Imaging By Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Viability

Lima

2003

Circulation Research

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Abstract-Complete knowledge of myocardial structure, metabolism, and function is crucial to understanding the response of the heart to injury such as ischemia. Increasingly, this type of knowledge is required at multiple levels, from that of the isolated myocyte to the functioning organism, to provide basic scientists and clinical investigators a common framework for translation of findings and information feedback. This article focuses on the utilization of imaging methods to assess myocardial viability in vivo. It discusses the advantages and pitfalls of different imaging techniques, with particular emphasis on available data in humans and large animal models. Because of their novelty and potential for accurate phenotyping of human pathophysiology, magnetic resonance modalities will be highlighted. (Circ Res. 2003;93:1146-1158.)Key Words: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Ⅲ myocardial viability Ⅲ myocardial metabolism C omplete knowledge of myocardial structure, metabolism, and function is crucial to understanding the response of the heart to injury such as ischemia. Increasingly, this type of knowledge is required at multiple levels, from that of the isolated myocyte to the functioning organism, to provide basic scientists and clinical investigators a common framework for translation of findings and information feedback. This article focuses on the utilization of noninvasive imaging methods to assess myocardial viability in vivo. It discusses the advantages and pitfalls of different imaging techniques, with emphasis on available data in humans and large animal models. Because of their novelty and potential for accurate phenotyping of human pathophysiology, magnetic resonance modalities will be highlighted.The clinical recognition that myocardial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease was potentially reversible preceded basic science investigations into pathophysiologic mechanisms of viability. Because it was first recognized as a clinical phenomenon, the concepts of viability and functional recovery have been used interchangeably, particularly in many of the existing clinical studies. In fact, these two terms may not be synonymous. A complete assessment of viability may in truth require comprehensive evaluation of perfusion and metabolism in addition to global and regional function. This has become increasingly apparent from basic research investigations exploring potential mechanisms for viability. These pathophysiological hypotheses will be reviewed to serve as background for discussion of the relative merits of the present clinical applications of diagnostic imaging in viability assessment.

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“…Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides the unique ability to directly measure and determine the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) noninvasively (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In addition, due to the tight coupling that exists between the corticomedullary sodium gradient and renal function, measurement of the renal sodium distribution by MRI has the potential to serve as a diagnostic imaging tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of diuresis: Spatial and kinetic response

Maril

Margalit

Mispelter

et al. 2005

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Renal function is highly correlated with the sodium concentration gradient along the corticomedullary axis. The application of 3D high-resolution sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided a means to quantify in vivo the spatial and temporal changes in renal tissue sodium concentration under normal and diuretic conditions. A detailed, pixel-by-pixel analysis of the intact rat kidney sodium MR images yielded a quantitative measure of the corticomedullary sodium gradient before and at early and later times after the administration of two distinct diuretic agents, furosemide and mannitol. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, induced a fivefold reduction in the cortical-outer medullary sodium gradient, whereas mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, did not affect this gradient. Both diuretics induced a 50% decrease in the sodium concentration of the inner medulla; however, mannitol exerted its effect twice as fast as furosemide with a 2.5-min exponential decay constant. These specific changes were attributed to the different mechanism of action and site of activity of each diuretic agent. Thus, high-resolution 23 Na MRI offers a unique, noninvasive tool for functional imaging of the kidney physiology. Magn Reson Med 53:545-552, 2005.

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Noninvasive quantification of total sodium concentrations in acute reperfused myocardial infarction using ²³Na MRI

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Viability

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of diuresis: Spatial and kinetic response

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Noninvasive quantification of total sodium concentrations in acute reperfused myocardial infarction using 23Na MRI

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Sodium and T1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

Sodium and T1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Viability

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of diuresis: Spatial and kinetic response

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Noninvasive quantification of total sodium concentrations in acute reperfused myocardial infarction using ²³Na MRI

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage

Sodium and T_1ρ MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage