Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function

Nilsson, Erik; Elmståhl, Sölve; Minthon, Lennart; Nilsson, Peter M.; Pihlsgård, Mats; Tufvesson, Eva; Nägga, Katarina

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000329

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A priori power analysis based on previous experience of the same laboratory indicated that, previewing a difference around 1 between groups and a standard variation around 2 for each neuropsychological test, one‐hundred participants per group in equality for two proportion tests were sufficient to show effects with a power of 0.90 and a test level of 0.10 for β error and of 0.20 for α error. Linearity assumption was ascertained for each variable by the residuals method and normality assumption by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov one‐sample test .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study

Tikhonoff

Casíglia

Guidotti

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective:The relationship between body fatness and cognitive pattern at a population level was investigated. Methods: Among 500 unselected subjects from the general population, the role of body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass (BFM) on a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and on a battery of paper and pencil neuropsychological tests was analyzed. Multiple linear regressions, accounting for potential confounders, were used. Results: In fully adjusted models, MMSE (coefficient 10.027, 95% confidence intervals, 0.017-0.177), the clock drawing test (10.141, 0.053-0.226), and the trail making test A (11.542, 0.478-2.607) were positively associated with BMI. Adding BFM to the models, no associations were observed. The tests were also positively associated with BFM (10.056, 0.021-0.091; 10.063, 0.025-0.101; 10.592, 0.107-1.077; respectively). At analysis of covariance, the same tests were significantly better performed over 29.4 kg m 22 of BMI. After adding BFM as further confounder, all differences in performance across BMI were no longer significant. The three tests were better performed over 34.6 kg of BFM. Conclusions: Higher BMI and particularly higher BFM are positively associated with better performance at the cognitive tasks exploring selective attention and executive functions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study

Tikhonoff

Casíglia

Guidotti

et al. 2015

Obesity

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“…A possible explanation is that these individuals already have lower BP and therefore are more sensitive to BP drop, which might significantly reduce cerebral perfusion if the critical level is reached. Orthostatic hypotension has been associated with arterial stiffness [21] and earlier studies have implicated association between arterial stiffness and higher prevalence of cognitive dysfunction [22]. Consequently, reduced arterial compliance might mediate the increased risk of dementia seen in participants with lower BP and postural DBP decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal and postural changes of blood pressure predict dementia: the Malmö Preventive Project

et al. 2017

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The role of blood pressure (BP) changes in dementia is debatable. We aimed to analyse how resting and postural BP changes relate to incident dementia over a long-term follow-up. In the prospective population-based Malmö Preventive Project, 18,240 study participants (mean age: 45 ± 7 years, 63% male) were examined between 1974 and 1992 with resting and standing BP measurement, and re-examined between 2002 and 2006 at mean age of 68 ± 6 years with resting BP. A total of 428 participants (2.3%) were diagnosed with dementia through Dec 31, 2009. The association of resting and postural BP changes with risk of dementia was studied using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for traditional risk factors. Diastolic BP (DBP) decrease on standing indicated higher risk of dementia [Hazard ratio (HR) per 10 mmHg: 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.44, p = 0.036], which was mainly driven by increased risk in normotensive individuals. Higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP at re-examination was associated with lower risk of dementia (HR per 10 mmHg: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89–0.99, p = 0.011; and 0.87; 0.78–0.96, p = 0.006, respectively). Extreme decrease in SBP/DBP between baseline and re-examination (4th quartile; −7 ± 12/−15 ± 7 mmHg, respectively) indicated higher risk of dementia (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.11–1.93, p = 0.008, and 1.54; 95% CI 1.14–2.08, p = 0.005; respectively) compared with reference group characterised by pronounced BP increase over the same period (1st quartile; +44 ± 13/+15 ± 7 mmHg). Diastolic BP decrease on standing in the middle age, decline in BP between middle-and advanced age, and lower BP in advanced age are independent risk factors of developing dementia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0228-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This shows the close link between arterial stiffness, impaired glucose metabolism and overt type 2 diabetes -a different risk factor cluster than the more traditional cluster associated with atherosclerosis (hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia). We have also found that c-f PWV is associated with a family history of cardiometabolic disease [3], impaired cognition [4], and is predictive of type 2 diabetes [5] and all-cause mortality, even adjusted for known risk factors/markers and family history of cardiometabolic disease (abstract, ARTERY 2017, Pisa, Italy). New drugs are being developed for vascular protection and the reduction of arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research J O R N A L D E I mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to an overall evaluation, 49-63% of all valve replacements with glutaraldehyde-treated BHVs [3] have been reported to be free from SVD 20 years after intervention. Otherwise the risk of structural failure is inversely related to the age of patients: it is higher in individuals <35 years of age in which up to 100% of BHVs fail within 5 years postsurgery whereas after 15 years 60-70% of older patients (>75 years) are still free of SVD [4]. In the vast majority of cases SVD is associated with leaflet calcium deposits even if in 19-25% of BHV implants reoperations occur in the absence of leaflet mineralization [5,6] (excluding nonintrinsic abnormalities, thrombosis and infections).…”

Section: Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Aging Deterioration and Agerelatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process starts by host IgM/IgG interaction (α-Gal epitope) and macrophage deposition followed by collagen breakdown and finally calcification [8]. Otherwise calcification is believed to be driven by the chemical interaction between phospholipids, residual and oxidized aldehyde groups on one side and circulating calcium ions [4]. A procedure for the suppression of both tissue calcium binding sites and oxidation effects has been developed [9], while to avoid immune injury the use of BHV made of α-Gal free tissue (Gal knockout pigs) has been reported [10].…”

Section: Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Aging Deterioration and Agerelatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bordeaux Viva Winter School - Xxxiii Liac Meeting

Couffinhal¹,

Spina²

2017

BBR

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Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research J o r n a l d e I n v e s t i g a ç ã o B i o m é d i c a e B i o f a r m a c ê u t i c aSupplementThe ageing process of the vasculature has increasingly been studied over the last 25 years. New data on the stiffening of arteries (arteriosclerosis) has been added to long-term studies on atherosclerosis. It is believed that arteriosclerosis starts early in life, based on fetal programming of the elastin content of the arterial media, as well as of the vasculature and capillaries. This will impact on the morphological changes of large elastic arteries and central hemodynamic regulation. Later on the process of atherosclerosis, as being more proximal to clinical cardiovascular events, will play an important role while the two processes will be more and more mixed and jointly increase the risk.In the arterial wall the increasing age-dependent stiffness is characterized by a relative decrease of the elastin content of the arterial media and a relative increase of the collagen content as well as more pronounced collagen linkages. In addition there is a mechanism called mechanotransduction that will impact on the structure of the extra-cellular matrix in relation to increased tension of the arterial wall, i.e. following increased blood pressure. This will also influence vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to undergo changes as the VSMC contractile phenotype is associated with an increased arterial stiffness. This can take place both in the arterial media and the adventitia [1]. In addition, some specific processes related to the adventitia may further increase stiffness. When the vascularization of the arterial wall via vasa vasorum is impaired, as following the administration of anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer therapy, this has been shown to increase arterial stiffness. Furthermore, impaired autonomous nervous function is related to both increased arterial stiffness and impaired glucose metabolism. Finally, the existence of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a source of local perivascular inflammation via secretion of vasoactive cytokines. This will also influence arterial stiffness by reducing endothelial function to vasodilate. Based on epidemiological evidence from the Malmo Diet Cancer Cohort it has been shown that increased carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) is independently associated with markers of impaired glucose metabolism [2], even adjusted for hemodynamic factors and risk factors for atherosclerosis (LDL cholesterol, smoking, renal function). This shows the close link between arterial stiffness, impaired glucose metabolism and overt type 2 diabetes -a different risk factor cluster than the more traditional cluster associated with atherosclerosis (hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia). We have also found that c-f PWV is associated with a family history of cardiometabolic disease [3], impaired cognition [4], and is predictive of type 2 diabetes [5] and all-cause mortality, even adjusted for known risk factors/markers and family history of cardiometab...

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Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study

Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study

Longitudinal and postural changes of blood pressure predict dementia: the Malmö Preventive Project

Bordeaux Viva Winter School - Xxxiii Liac Meeting

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