Nonlinear Effects in the AT-Cut Quartz Resonator

Barcus, L.C.

doi:10.1109/t-su.1975.30803

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Finally, we briefly touch on the future challenges of this research. The proposed method was derived by linearly approximating the correlation equation, but the temperature characteristics of quartz crystal units show nonlinear characteristics in the low and high temperature ranges [19]. In future work, it be necessary to analyze the practical range of applicability of the linear approximation and/or to determine how to derive correlations in the nonlinear domain.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Computer-Inherent Characteristics Based on Time Drift and CPU Core Temperature

et al. 2020

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The number of computers that provide information services via the Internet is constantly increasing, particularly for IoT applications. Compared to the servers in managed data centers, IoT computers have an increased risk of contamination from unidentified computers. It is therefore important for applications that utilize IoT to identify the appropriate computers to use. However, it is difficult to assign digital identifiers with adequate protection to a huge number of IoT computers. In this work, we have devised a method to extract computer-specific features from the characteristics of the CPU core temperature and the drift of the time information. This feature data can be treated as computer-specific information, just like human biometric information. We performed experiments on two types of computer (three of each) with the same software settings and obtained a regression linear equation for each that represents the time deviation per temperature. The correlation coefficients of these equations were greater than 0.9 for all, and a strong positive correlation was obtained. From the equation and the temperature values, we found that it is possible to estimate the computer-specific time deviation. Our method does not require the implementation of a special temperature sensor. Therefore, it shows good potential for future applications.

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Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Computer-Inherent Characteristics Based on Time Drift and CPU Core Temperature

et al. 2020

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Frequency variations in quartz crystal resonators due to internal dissipation

Théobald

Gagnepain

1979

Journal of Applied Physics

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A simple setup to simultaneously measure the resonant frequency and the absolute dissipation factor of a quartz crystal microbalance Rev.The amplitude-frequency effect in quartz crystal resonators is a consequence of the nonlinear elastic behavior of the crystal. However, dissipation due to internal losses can also induce frequency changes caused by amplitude variations, but in this case with a large time constant. Nonuniform heating introduces thermal stresses and density changes which act on a propagating wave by nonlinear coupling through the third-order elastic constants. Both the heat and wave equations are solved for the quartz crystal, and thermal exchanges with the surrounding medium are considered for several types of mounting. The resonator frequency change due to variation of the driving level, which appears as the indirect amplitude-frequency effect, is calculated. It is shown that the large time constants experimentally observed can be mainly attributed to thermal diffusion through the connection wires.

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Modeling RF MEMS Devices

Caekenberghe¹

2012

IEEE Microwave

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Nonlinear Effects in the AT-Cut Quartz Resonator

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Extraction of Computer-Inherent Characteristics Based on Time Drift and CPU Core Temperature

Extraction of Computer-Inherent Characteristics Based on Time Drift and CPU Core Temperature

Frequency variations in quartz crystal resonators due to internal dissipation

Modeling RF MEMS Devices

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