Nonlinear electrical behaviour of the WO<sub>3</sub>-based system

Zang, Guo-Zhong; Wang, J. F.; Chen, H. C.; Su, Weizhou; Wang, C. M.; Qi, Peng

doi:10.1023/b:jmsc.0000033430.73951.68

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several materials with charged grain boundaries show to some extent such non-linearity phenomena. 3 Some examples are SrTiO 3 , 4,5 TiO 2 , 6,7,8,9,10 WO 3 ,11,12 ZnO, 1,2 and SnO 2 . 13,14,15 For SrTiO 3 and ZnO, the 'varistor effect' is optimized in commercial devices used for voltage surge protection and α values of the order of α 15-35 or α 50-200, respectively, have been observed.…”

Section: A Brief History Of Non-ohmic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

Bueno

Varela

Longo

2008

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

265

135

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Section: A Brief History Of Non-ohmic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

Bueno

Varela

Longo

2008

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

265

135

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“…Os estudos em sistemas a base de WO 3 realizados por Zang et al [16] [27,28] como pode ser observado pela equação geral (3).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Varistores à base de WO3 - revisão

Oliveira¹,

Pessoa²,

Brito³

et al. 2016

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMOVaristores são elementos que fazem parte do sistema de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica ou de instalações elétricas especiais. Estes dispositivos são amplamente produzidos variando a escala, dependendo de sua aplicação, como dispositivos de baixa voltagem, com poucos grãos, exibindo ruptura de alguns volts, a vários kilovolts como usado em para-raios em rede de distribuição de energia. A física de operação dos varistores tem sido amplamente estudada e tem elementos comuns como barreiras Schottky formado na junção metal/semicondutor. Vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos a fim de obter cerâmicas varistoras para aplicação em alta e baixa tensão. Dentre esses estudos encontram-se os varistores a base de ZnO, SnO 2 , TiO 2 e mais recentemente os de WO 3 . Diferente das três composições citadas, os a base de WO 3 apresentam comportamento varistor intrínseco devido a presença das fases monoclínica e triclínica. A adição de dopantes doadores e aceitadores de elétrons e o tratamento térmico em diferentes atmosferas também alteram as propiedades não lineares desses sistemas, uma vez que influencia na formação da barreira Schottky. Neste estudo foi realizada uma revisão sobre trabalhos relacionados a nova composição de cerâmica varistora a base de óxido de tungstênio (WO 3 ). Palavras-chave: propriedades elétricas, WO 3 , varistores. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTVaristors are elements that are part of electric power transmission and distribution systems or of special electrical installations. Varistors are manufactured in a wide variety of types, depending on their application, such as low-voltage devices with a layer of a few grains of thickness and low breakdown voltage, to varistors with a breakdown voltage of several kilovolts, such as those used in the lightning arresters of electric power distribution networks. Varistors, whose physical operation has been extensively studied, share common elements such as metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier junctions. Several studies have focused on the development of varistor ceramics for high and low voltage applications, including ZnO, SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and more recently, WO 3 -based ceramics. Unlike the first three compositions, WO 3 -based ceramics present an intrinsic varistor behavior because they contain monoclinic and triclinic phases. The addition of electron donor and acceptor dopants and heat treatments in different atmospheres also alter the non-linear properties of these systems, since they affect the formation of the Schottky barrier. This paper offers a review of the literature on the new varistor ceramic composition based on tungsten oxide (WO 3 ). Keywords: electrical properties, WO 3 , varistors. _______________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUÇÃOVaristores, resistores não ôhmicos ou ainda resistores variáveis, são elementos que fazem parte do sistema de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica ou de instalações elétricas espec...

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“…Exponent α defines the degree of non‐linearity in the normal varistor region of operation. Equation (1) represents the MOV only in its ‘normal varistor operation’ region [13, 16, 17] and provides fairly accurate results when used in computer simulations as shown in Section 4.…”

Section: Development Of Models For the Non‐linear Transient Suppresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of transient surge energy transferred with associated time delays for individual components of surge protector circuits

James¹,

Kularatna²,

Steyn-Ross³

et al. 2015

IET Power Electronics

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Modern semiconductor technology is vulnerable to transient surges such as lightning. Transient voltage suppressor systems (TVSSs), which are installed to protect modern electronics, use non-linear components such as varistors and transient voltage suppressor diodes in their design. In the case of low-voltage (1000 V and less) AC power circuits, there is no clear approach to estimate the energy absorption and associated time delays in individual components in relation to the propagated transient surge. Numerical simulation techniques can be used to analyse the phenomenon of surge propagation within a TVSS and estimate the energy transferred to each component with associated time delays. Suitable mathematical models must be used for the non-linear components. This study presents the development of reasonably accurate models for the non-linear circuit elements and formulation of state equations for the TVSS, together with simulation results; results are experimentally validated using a lightning surge simulator. The method of analysing surge propagation presented here could be extended to analyse the phenomenon of surge propagation within power conversion stages which buffer the complex electronic circuits and the power source. The results discussed here indicate that the theoretical energy calculations are within 10% of the experimental results for the individual circuit elements.

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Nonlinear electrical behaviour of the WO₃-based system

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

Varistores à base de WO3 - revisão

Estimation of transient surge energy transferred with associated time delays for individual components of surge protector circuits

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Nonlinear electrical behaviour of the WO3-based system

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

SnO2, ZnO and related polycrystalline compound semiconductors: An overview and review on the voltage-dependent resistance (non-ohmic) feature

Varistores à base de WO3 - revisão

Estimation of transient surge energy transferred with associated time delays for individual components of surge protector circuits

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Nonlinear electrical behaviour of the WO₃-based system