Nonlinear harmonic generation in free-electron lasers

Freund, H. P.; Biedron, Sandra; Milton, S. V.

doi:10.1109/3.825873

Cited by 134 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Close to saturation, strong bunching at this wavelength produces rich harmonic bunching as well [63]. Three-dimensional simulations [64] and analytical results [65] show that significant odd harmonic power can exist for a planar undulator at the FEL saturation. Previous short-wavelength SASE FEL experiments, such as those at LEUTL, VISA, and FLASH, have observed third-harmonic emission as high as 1% of the fundamental power [66,67].…”

Section: Shift Compensates Phase Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to finite electron beam size, betatron motion and radiation angle, second harmonic radiation may exist at non-negligible levels [64,68,69], and has also been observed experimentally [66,67,70].…”

Section: Shift Compensates Phase Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though on-axis radiation is suppressed at even harmonics, the finite beam size and betatron oscillations lead to non-negligible second harmonic content [64,68,69]. (We note that the bunching factor, a measure of the longitudinal correlation of particles, is stronger for the second harmonic.…”

Section: Second Harmonic Measurements Soft X-raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Much Ado about Microbunching: Coherent Bunching in High Brightness Electron Beams

Ratner

2011

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Section: Shift Compensates Phase Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shift Compensates Phase Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Much Ado about Microbunching: Coherent Bunching in High Brightness Electron Beams

Ratner

2011

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“…Since we did not have access to the original MEDUSA code [6], we first rewrote the code and then modified it to study the two-beam FEL [9]. It was found that the third harmonic radiation in two-beam FEL is less sensitive to wiggler imperfection compared to its fundamental as well as the third harmonic in the one-beam FEL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This microbunching, in turn, gives rise to enhanced nonlinear harmonic growth and can become the dominant harmonic growth mechanism [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The alternative method of the two-beam FEL was proposed to generate more intensified short wavelength power based on harmonic generation mechanism [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the effect of wiggler imperfections on harmonic generation in two-beam free-electron lasers

Zahedian

Maraghechi

2012

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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A three-dimensional simulation of a free-electron laser (FEL) with two beams is used to study the sensitivity of the third harmonic due to wiggler imperfections. In the two-beam FEL, for a fundamental wavelength of 107.5 nm, the power will be converted to the third harmonic at a shorter wavelength, in this case in the extreme ultraviolet at 35.8 nm. In this arrangement, the fundamental resonance of the higher energy beam coincides with the third harmonic of the lower energy beam, for this energy conversion to take place. For enhanced focusing, a planar wiggler with parabolic pole face is considered. Investigation of the effect of wiggler errors on the efficiencies of harmonic and fundamental resonance of the two-beam and the one-beam FEL shows that the average efficiency for the third harmonic in the two-beam FEL is decreased by 36% while the reduction of average efficiency for the fundamental of the two-beam is 55% and for the third harmonic of the one-beam is 48%. This shows that the third harmonic radiation in the two-beam FEL is less sensitive to wiggler imperfection compared to its fundamental as well as the third harmonic in the one-beam FEL. The reason is that the energy that transfers to the third harmonic of the two-beam FEL comes from both electron beams. It was also found that, for almost all cases, standard deviation increases with an increasing level of wiggler imperfection while, for the two-beam FEL, saturation length of the fundamental resonance decreases and the third harmonic increases with increasing wiggler imperfection.

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Oscillator Simulation

Freund,

Antonsen,

2023

Principles of Free Electron Lasers

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Nonlinear harmonic generation in free-electron lasers

Cited by 134 publications

References 33 publications

Much Ado about Microbunching: Coherent Bunching in High Brightness Electron Beams

Much Ado about Microbunching: Coherent Bunching in High Brightness Electron Beams

Simulation of the effect of wiggler imperfections on harmonic generation in two-beam free-electron lasers

Oscillator Simulation

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