Nonlinear Optical Limiting and Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Sm2O3 Doped Cadmium Sodium Lithium Borate Glasses

Abstract

Strong nonlinear absorption (NLA), reduced optical limiting (OL) thresholds, and high radiation shielding parameters are required for the effective use of glasses in the laser radiation and nuclear radiation protecting materials. In view of this, the efficacy of Sm2O3 on the nonlinear optical (NLO) and OL properties were ascertained (at 532 nm) along with radiation shielding characteristics. The open and closed aperture Z‒scan profiles revealed the presence of positive NLA and nonlinear refraction (NLR) phenomena respectively. OL measurements showed the existence of limiting behavior in the studied glasses. The NLA and NLR coefficients were improved while the OL thresholds were decreased as the doping of Sm2O3 elevated to a higher doping level. These improvements in NLA, NLR coefficients and OL efficiencies were attributed to the non‒bridging oxygens and high polarizable Sm3+ ions. The NLA and OL results clearly suggest the high (5 mol %) Sm2O3 doped glass (Sm5CNLB) glass is beneficial to protect the delicate devices and human eye by suppressing the high energy laser light. The theoretical linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) values of the presented SmxCNLB glasses were obtained with the help of Phy‒X software between 0.284 and 1.333 MeV. At 0.284 MeV, the maximum values occur and take values between 0.302 (for Sm0CNLB) and 0.409 cm‒1 (for Sm5CNLB). We found that the LAC for the presented SmxCNLB glasses is a function of Sm2O3 content, where the LAC tends to increase, corresponding to the high probabilities of interaction, as the content of Sm2O3 changes from 0 to 5 mol%. The effective atomic number (Zeff) for the presented SmxCNLB glasses was examined between 0.284 and 1.333 MeV. As the amount of Sm2O3 is added, the Zeff increases, and this was observed at any energy.

Investigation of the Efficiency of Shielding Gamma and Electron Radiation Using Glasses Based on TeO2-WO3-Bi2O3-MoO3-SiO to Protect Electronic Circuits from the Negative Effects of Ionizing Radiation

“…Figure 2 d shows the results of changing the value of Z eff depending on the energy of shielded gamma rays, calculated according to the methodology proposed in [ 27 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

“…Finally, it should be noted that in recent years, the research and development of various combinations of glass, polymer, and nanoparticle compositions for radiation protection has become a highly topical, and as a result, many different glass combinations have been successfully synthesized and evaluated [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

“…Figure 9 a presents the results of a comparative analysis of the shielding characteristics of the TWBMS–5 sample with other types of materials, the results of which were taken from the sources [ 27 , 33 , 40 , 47 ]. The half-value layer (HVL) was chosen as a comparative characteristic, which makes it possible to compare the shielding characteristics of different materials.…”

“… ( a ) Results of a comparative analysis of the HVL value for different types of glasses (RGM–1–a sample of soda-lime-silica glass doped with MoO 3 [ 40 ]; SmxCNLB glasses–glass samples doped with Sm 2 O 3 [ 47 ]; TeZnNa–tellurite glass system containing ZnO and Na 2 O [ 33 ]; 5%Bi 2 O 3 –65%P 2 O 5 –5%B 2 O 3 –25%Na 2 O [ 27 ]); ( b ) results of comparison of MAC values calculated using the XCOM program code and experimentally obtained values for the TWBMS–5 glass composition. …”

SbI3·3S8: A Novel Promising Inorganic Adducts Crystal for Second Harmonic Generation

“…Still, the developed deep ultraviolet (DUV) and middle- and far-infrared (MFIR) NLO crystals are inadequate to encounter the market requirements. There are many standard DUV NLO crystals available, such as KH 2 PO 4 , KBe 2 BO 3 F 2 , KTiOPO 4 , BPO 4 , β-BaB 2 O 4 , and KLa(PO 3 ) 4 , which can satisfy basic necessity of the laser industry [ 6 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. On the other hand, though the materials such as KBe 2 BO 3 F 2 , ZnGeP 2 , AgGaS 2 (AGS), and AgGaSe 2 (AGSe) have been used as DUV and MFIR NLO crystals, their ingrained obstructions harshly constrict their wide range of applications [ 20 , 21 ].…”