Nonlinear vectorial holography with quad-atom metasurfaces

Mao, Ningbin; Zhang, Guanqing; Tang, Yi; Li, Yang; Hu, Zixian; Zhang, Xuecai; Li, Kingfai; Cheah, Kok-Wai; Li, Guixin

doi:10.1073/pnas.2204418119

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because of its high-resolution and mask-free nature, EBL methods can produce the arbitrary shape of units with resolution down to a few nanometers (Figure 7a). [105,186,187] The research on metasurface has been significantly advanced by the EBL process, however, the EBL is limited by its micrometer scale writing area, long writing time for large-scale lattices, stitch error, and high cost. [188][189][190][191] Therefore, the EBL technique tends to be used for the investigation of fundamental physical properties but is not suitable for the fabrication of optical elements for large-scale devices and practical applications.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Plasmonic Latticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Metasurfaces of Plasmonic Lattices and 2D Materials

Guo

Deng

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Plasmonic metasurfaces can significantly enhance the interaction between light and 2D materials. Hybrid structures of plasmonic lattices and 2D materials show great promise for both fundamental and practical studies because of their unprecedented ability for precise manipulation of light at the nanoscale. This review starts with an overview of the basic concepts of plasmonic lattices and optical properties of 2D materials, as well as fabrication strategies for hybrid metasurfaces. Then, the enhanced photoluminescence, quantum emission, optoelectronic detection, nonlinear process, and valleytronics in hybrid metasurfaces are summarized, and their development for nanophotonic functional devices are reviewed. Further, several compelling topics are also outlined that provide outlooks for future directions of hybrid metasurfaces such as novel structural design and high‐quality fabrication, all‐dielectric metasurfaces, dynamic metasurfaces, and plasmonic mediation of chemical reactions and physical processes. It is believed that hybrid metasurfaces of plasmonic lattices and 2D materials can open prospects for versatile platforms for light‐matter interactions and contribute to the revolutions on nanophotonic devices.

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Section: Fabrication Of Plasmonic Latticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Metasurfaces of Plasmonic Lattices and 2D Materials

Guo

Deng

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Meanwhile, metasurfaces are also an excellent platform for studying nonlinear optical processes due to their unique advantages in simultaneously generating the nonlinear waves and manipulating their degrees of freedom. − Since the concept of the nonlinear geometric phase was proposed, − it has been widely used to control the wavefronts of the nonlinear waves in the second-harmonic generation (SHG) and THz wave generation, which are directly generated on the metasurfaces. − For example, the nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces with phase singularities have been utilized to generate the second-harmonic waves (SHWs) with spin-locked OAM states. , However, the SHWs with different OAM states are also in the same propagation direction. To solve this kind of issue, holography techniques were used to encode the phase distribution of the nonlinear meta-atoms and project the nonlinear optical vortices to different directions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam Steering of Nonlinear Optical Vortices with Phase Gradient Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Rong,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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The generation of photons with spin and orbital angular momentum is of great importance in the fields of classical and quantum optical communications. Recent studies show that optical vortices with on-demand angular momentum can be realized with geometric phase-controlled metasurfaces. However, such optical vortices have two spin-locked orbital angular momentum states, which are difficult to distinguish in the same propagating direction. While the beam steering of the optical vortices can be easily realized in the linear optical regime, it remains elusive in the nonlinear optical counterpart. Here, we propose to generate and spatially separate the spin-locked second-harmonic vortex beams through phase gradient plasmonic metasurfaces. Based on the concept of the nonlinear geometric phase, the fork-type phase distributions are encoded onto the metasurfaces by using gold meta-atoms with a threefold rotational symmetry. Under the pumping of fundamental waves in the near-infrared regime, the spin-locked optical vortices at second-harmonic frequency are generated and then projected to different diffraction orders. The proposed strategy may have important applications in high-dimensional optical information processing.

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“…[23][24][25][26][27] By introducing the concept of nonlinear geometric phase into the meta-crystals, we are able to manipulate the wavefronts of nonlinear waves through optical holography techniques. [28][29][30] Last but not least, the symmetry properties of the nonlinear meta-crystals can be modified by introducing the chirality. The SHW and THW generated on these metasurfaces exhibit strong circular dichroism effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Plasmonic Meta‐Crystals with Coupling Induced Symmetry Breaking

Zhang

Deng

Tang

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Symmetry plays an important role in determining the amplitude and polarizations of nonlinear optical waves occurring in conventional crystals. While the symmetry of crystals is limited by the materials’ synthesis process, it can be easily controlled in photonic meta‐crystals. Both the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the meta‐crystals can be judiciously tailored by the local symmetry of the meta‐atoms. Here, it is demonstrated that the symmetry of the nonlinear meta‐crystals can be artificially manipulated by introducing the coupling between adjacent plasmonic meta‐atoms. By assembling the two groups of plasmonic meta‐atoms with inversion symmetry into a hexagonal boron nitride‐like lattice, the global inversion symmetry of the metasurface is broken. Second harmonic generations due to the coupling‐induced symmetry breaking are experimentally observed from the meta‐crystals. It is also found that the polarization of the second harmonic waves obey certain symmetry selection rules. The proposed methodology, which takes advantage of the coupling effects and the intrinsic nonlinearity of the plasmonic meta‐atoms, can be used to develop a variety of nonlinear nanophotonic devices with multiple functionalities.

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Nonlinear vectorial holography with quad-atom metasurfaces

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Hybrid Metasurfaces of Plasmonic Lattices and 2D Materials

Hybrid Metasurfaces of Plasmonic Lattices and 2D Materials

Beam Steering of Nonlinear Optical Vortices with Phase Gradient Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Nonlinear Plasmonic Meta‐Crystals with Coupling Induced Symmetry Breaking

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