Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Vito, A. Di; Croy, Alexander; Maur, Matthias Auf der; Carlo, Aldo Di

doi:10.1002/adfm.201909028

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the photovoltaic fields, many promising materials have emerged with excellent power conversion performance, such as black phosphorus, [289] organicinorganic hybrid perovskite, [290,291] all-inorganic perovskite materials, [292,293] and MXenes. [294] It is of great interest to study whether these materials can also be applied in PEC reactions. However, there exists huge gaps between the photovoltaic and PEC devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

et al. 2021

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In practical applications, solar energy is usually converted to other forms of energy, such as electric energy, [9][10][11] chemical energy, [12,13] thermal energy, [14,15] so as to facilitate further transportation and storage. Among them, photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions from water to hydrogen, CO 2 to C2+ products, and N 2 to NH 3 in the aqueous-based environment have been considered to be quite promising solar-chemical energy conversion pathways. [16][17][18][19] Unlike the traditional water electrolyzing system, the most ideal PEC reaction system can be selfdriven by illumination without external bias. Utilizing the electron-hole carriers generated from the semiconductor photoelectrode, redox reactions take place separately on the photocathode and photoanode. However, as the water oxidation reaction involves a complex four-proton coupled multi-electron process (2H 2 O + 4h + → O 2 + 4H + , E o = 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), it makes the water oxidation reaction the rate-control step in the watersplitting reaction. [20] Therefore, developing high-performance photo anodes is of great fundamental importance and interest.At the present stage, TiO 2 is the most studied and applied semiconductor photoelectrocatalyst, due to its outstanding chemical stability. [21][22][23] However, as a wide bandgap semiconductor (anatase TiO 2 : 3.2eV, rutile TiO 2 : 3.0 eV), TiO 2 can only respond to the ultraviolet light. Meanwhile, as an intrinsic semiconductor, the bulk/surficial carrier recombination of TiO 2 greatly hinders its practical application. [24][25][26][27] In that case, some narrow bandgap semiconductors are also applied as the photoanode materials, such as Ta 3 N 5 (bandgap 2.1 eV), [28,29] BiVO 4 (bandgap 2.4 eV), and α-Fe 2 O 3 (bandgap 2.1 eV). [30][31][32] However, many of these narrow bandgap materials suffer from poor chemical stability and sluggish interfacial charge injection. [33][34][35] As intrinsic semiconductor materials, both wide and narrow bandgap semiconductor photoanode materials are suffering from the poor bulk-phase carrier separation, intense surficial e − /h + trapping recombination, and sluggish electrode/electrolyte carrier injection kinetics. [36][37][38][39] Fortunately, with the continuous investment of researchers, a series of modification methods have been established and the PEC water oxidation performance of semiconductor photoanode materials has been significantly improved. [32,[40][41][42][43][44] Among various strategies, nanostructure-interface engineering is widely regarded as an effective method to improve the PEC water oxidation performance: [40,41] the light-harvesting performance can be enhanced by the widened optical Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation based on semiconductor materials plays an important role in the production of clean fuel and value-added chemicals. Nanostructure-interface engineering has proven to be an effective way to construct highly efficient PEC water oxidation photoanodes with good light capture, carrier transport, and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

et al. 2021

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“…In their another work, the authors pointed out that the work function change is nonlinearly dependent on the concentration of MXene surface groups and OH groups have the most substantial tuning effect. [ 66 ] Consequently, perovskite solar cells employing Ti 3 C 2 T x present an average improved PCE from around 15% to about 19% concerning to the references. Later, Zhao et al.…”

Section: Mxenes In Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 90%

MXenes for Optoelectronic Devices

Zhixiong

Alshareef

2021

Adv Elect Materials

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MXenes have attracted increasing attention from the research community due to several unique properties that make them suitable for many applications. As a rapidly growing family of 2D transitional metal carbides and nitrides, they have demonstrated very promising properties in electrochemical devices. Recently, a few reports have emerged showing that MXenes have interesting optoelectronic properties. In this review, the fundamental properties of MXenes are discussed, especially those related to optoelectronic properties, and the recent reports on MXene‐based optoelectronic applications including photovoltaic, plasmonic, photodetector, phototransistor, and light‐emitting diode applications are reviewed. Last, and most importantly, a vision and a road map is articulated for the future research directions that make the most sense for this important class of materials.

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“…Moreover, it was found that the Ti 3 C 2 T x addition reduces hysteresis in the current density-voltage (J-V) curves and meanwhile enhances long-time exposure stability of the PSCs. Very recently, this group further investigated the MAPbI 3 perovskite/Ti 3 C 2 T x -based MXene interface using density functional theory calculations, and the results show that the interface WF exhibits a strong nonlinear behavior when the relative concentrations of OH-, O-and F-terminating groups are varied, providing a deep insight regarding the energy-level alignment for high-performance device fabrication [63]. Similarly, adding the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene into HTLs also can improve device performance.…”

Section: Additive In Perovskite Materials Etls/htlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the influence of Here, it should also be noted that the previous reports are mainly based on experiments. Accordingly, prediction and optimization of the material properties of MXenes terminated with different functional groups based on theoretical/simulation approaches are necessary for more accurately guiding the experiments [63,[82][83][84].…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXenes for Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Application of two-dimensional MXene materials in photovoltaics has attracted increasing attention since the first report in 2018 due to their metallic electrical conductivity, high carrier mobility, excellent transparency, tunable work function and superior mechanical property. In this review, all developments and applications of the Ti3C2Tx MXene (here, it is noteworthy that there are still no reports on other MXenes’ application in photovoltaics by far) as additive, electrode and hole/electron transport layer in solar cells are detailedly summarized, and meanwhile, the problems existing in the related studies are also discussed. In view of these problems, some suggestions are given for pushing exploration of the MXenes’ application in solar cells. It is believed that this review can provide a comprehensive and deep understanding into the research status and, moreover, helps widen a new situation for the study of MXenes in photovoltaics.

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Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

MXenes for Optoelectronic Devices

MXenes for Solar Cells

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