Nonprecious metal catalysts for the molecular oxygen‐reduction reaction

Feng, Yongjun; Alonso-Vante, Nicolás

doi:10.1002/pssb.200879537

Cited by 182 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The obtained catalyst were named as catalyst and denoted as ILCFe-HT (HT-heat treated at 1000 o C) and ILC-Fe+Co-HT, respectively. (2)To reduce the synthesizing steps of transition metals promoted to the ILCs, the transition metals (Fe and Fe+Co 1.5% Wt%) were dissolved together with the ionic liquid and were sonicated/stirred for 3 hs, were impregnated into the SBA-15 silica template, and all the samples were carbonized at in N 2 at 900 o C for 3 hs. The ILCs were obtained by dissolving the silica template in 1 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 90 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full with at half maximum values was fixed at a maximum limit ing type of cathode catalyst due to the high ORR activity, good stability, easy synthesis process, inexpensiveness, and large variety of applications [4]. Among them, ordered mesoporous materials (OMC) have received enormous attention owing to their remarkable functional properties such as high surface area, regular frameworks, and tunable pore sizes with narrow pore size distribution, which makes it suitable for multiple potential applications in catalysis, adsorbents, sensor, electrode materials and energy storage devices [1][2][3][4]. These OMCs can be additionally doped by heteroatoms like nitrogen, which produce an excellent blend and can be very effective for largely enhancing their electro catalytic property [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Characterization Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this system, noble metals such as Pt and Ru have been used as electro catalysts due to their high activity at low temperatures and resistance to the dissolution under acidic condition. However, since Pt is an expensive metal in limited supply, reducing the amount of its loading for electrode fabrication is one possibility [2]. Another way is to replace the expensive catalysts with non-Pt metals due to low cost, comparable performance and long-term stability, which has been a critical research topic for practical dissemination of fuel cell technology [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Byambasuren

Jeon

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen (N)-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with a dual transition metal system were synthesized as non-Pt catalysts for the ORR. The highly nitrogen doped OMCs were prepared by the precursor of ionic liquid (3-methyl-1-butylpyridine dicyanamide) for N/C species and a mesoporous silica template for the physical structure. Mostly, N-doped carbons are promoted by a single transition metal to improve catalytic activity for ORR in PEMFCs. In this study, our N-doped mesoporous carbons were promoted by the dual transition metals of iron and cobalt (Fe, Co), which were incorporated into the N-doped carbons lattice by subsequently heat treatments. All the prepared carbons were characterized by via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the activities of synthesized doped carbons, linear sweep was recorded in an acidic solution to compare the ORR catalytic activities values for the use in the PEMFC system. The dual transition metal promotion improved the ORR activity compared with the single transition metal promotion, due to the increase in the quaternary nitrogen species from the structural change by the dual metals. The effect of different ratio of the dual metals into the N doped carbon were examined to evaluate the activities of the oxygen reduction reaction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Byambasuren

Jeon

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

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“…Further, a recent study on chalcogen-free RuNx chelate compounds [218,219] has demonstrated comparable catalytic activity and selectivity to Pt-based catalysts for four-electron oxygen reduction in acidic media. Detailed reviews on non-noble metal ORR catalysts are reported [220,221].…”

Section: Non-noble Metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components for PEM Fuel Cells: An Overview

Maiyalagan

Pasupathi

2010

MSF

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Abstract. Fuel cells, as devices for direct conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity by electrochemical reactions, are among the key enabling technologies for the transition to a hydrogen-based economy. Among the various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be at the forefront for commercialization for portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. Cost and durability of PEMFCs are the two major challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate their commercialization. The properties of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) have a direct impact on both cost and durability of a PEMFC.An overview is presented on the key components of the PEMFC MEA.. The success of the MEA and thereby PEMFC technology is believed to depend largely on two key materials: the membrane and the electro-catalyst. These two key materials are directly linked to the major challenges faced in PEMFC, namely, the performance, and cost. Concerted efforts are conducted globally for the past couple of decades to address these challenges. This chapter aims to provide the reader an overview of the major research findings to date on the key components of a PEMFC MEA.

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“…In recent years, some promising non-precious catalysts have been developed towards oxygen reduction reaction, including Co or Fe-based macrocyclic compounds 17 , transitional metal chalcogenides 18 , nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes 19 , nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon 20 , and even nitrogen-doped graphene 21,22 . The transition metal nitride catalysts also displayed methanol-tolerance for ORR reactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging methanol-tolerant AlN nanowire oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Lei

Wang²,

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Replacing precious and nondurable Pt catalysts with cheap materials is a key issue for commercialization of fuel cells. In the case of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), the methanol tolerance is also an important concern. Here, we develop AlN nanowires with diameters of about 100-150 nm and the length up to 1 mm through crystal growth method. We find it is electrochemically stable in methanol-contained alkaline electrolyte. This novel material exhibits pronounced electrocatalytic activity with exchange current density of about 6.52 3 10 28 A/cm 2 . The single cell assembled with AlN nanowire cathodic electrode achieves a power density of 18.9 mW cm 22 . After being maintained at 100 mA cm 22 for 48 h, the AlN nanowire-based single cell keeps 92.1% of the initial performance, which is in comparison with 54.5% for that assembled with Pt/C cathode. This discovery reveals a new type of metal nitride ORR catalyst that can be cheaply produced from crystal growth method. D irect methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is one of the most attractive power sources for portable and vehicular applications due to the simplicity of the system and the adaptability of the liquid fuel 1,2 . At present, the commercialization of DMFCs is hindered by several issues, including crossover of methanol from anode to cathode 3,4 , as well as the dependence on precious Pt catalyst for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions 5,6 . Methanol transported through the membrane will be electrochemically oxidized at the cathode, thus reducing the cathodic reactant. And in intermediate reactions during this process, for instance the adsorption of carbon monoxide onto the catalyst surface, the cathode will also be poisoned, which further lowers its performance [7][8][9] . Thus, the methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts have attracted much attention in recent years. One of the effective approaches is the nanostructured Pt alloy since Pt is the most effective electrocatalyst for ORR reaction. Pt-Pd Alloy Nanoflowers 10 , Pt/CoSe 2 Nanobelt 11 , core-Shell Pt decorated PdCo 12 and numbers of Pt alloy nanoparticles [13][14][15][16] fall into this category. Although great advances have been achieved for the improvement of methanol tolerance, a high usage of Pt metal is still of great concern for further practical applications of DMFCs.In recent years, some promising non-precious catalysts have been developed towards oxygen reduction reaction, including Co or Fe-based macrocyclic compounds , and even nitrogen-doped graphene 21,22 . The transition metal nitride catalysts also displayed methanol-tolerance for ORR reactions. In comparison with a sharp ORR current decrease of ,80% for commercial Pt/C catalyst after the addition of a 3 M methanol at 90 s in the LSV test, it was reported that a sulfur-nitrogen Co-doped carbon foam catalyst has no noticeable decrease under the same test condition 23 . The similar behavior was also found for sulfur-nitrogen Co-doped graphene oxide 24 and Co-doping c...

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Nonprecious metal catalysts for the molecular oxygen‐reduction reaction

Cited by 182 publications

References 134 publications

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Components for PEM Fuel Cells: An Overview

Emerging methanol-tolerant AlN nanowire oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

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