Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema

Wiley, Henry; Ferris, Frederick L.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00047-3

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…). Due to the invasive nature of FFA, it is not used in the early stages of DR (Wiley & Ferris ). The development of OCTA allows FAZ to be examined non‐invasively (Spaide et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Johannesen

Viken

Vergmann

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate foveal microvascular changes in diabetes by comparing the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy controls and patients with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) as well as different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A systematic literature search was performed based on the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) strategy by two independent reviewers. The search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, including keywords 'diabetes mellitus', 'DR' and 'OCTA'. Of 358 studies initially identified, 215 studies were screened after duplicate removal. Of these, we included 12 (nine crosssectional and three retrospective) studies in this review. With the data at hand, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. The selected studies included patients with NDR (n = 8), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 8) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n = 6). Several of the studies provided information for more than one diabetic group. In general, there was a trend towards a larger area of FAZ in patients with diabetes. As compared to healthy controls, this was reported in patients with NDR (five of eight studies), NPDR (seven of eight studies) and PDR (six of six studies). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is non-invasively able to identify foveal capillary non-perfusion as an early event in DR. In some studies, this has even been identified in patients without clinically identifiable microvascular lesions. Longitudinal studies would be needed to examine if OCTA-findings are able to predict long-term structural and functional outcome.

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“…). Due to the invasive nature of FFA, it is not used in the early stages of DR (Wiley & Ferris ). The development of OCTA allows FAZ to be examined non‐invasively (Spaide et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Due to its invasive character, it is usually not performed in early stages of DR, and it has, therefore, not been used as a screening tool (Wiley & Ferris ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Johannesen

Viken

Vergmann

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Fluorescein angiography (FA) is more sensitive than examination to detect early microvascular changes. 11 Previous studies have shown enlargement of the intercapillary areas in patients with DR and decreased capillary perfusion density. 12 Since FA takes several minutes and requires the administration of an intravenous dye, the technique is not optimal for screening or frequent longitudinal assessments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Since FA takes several minutes and requires the administration of an intravenous dye, the technique is not optimal for screening or frequent longitudinal assessments. 11,13 In addition, leakage of fluorescein dye and the superimposition of capillaries from different retinal layers onto a single twodimensional FA image have hindered a more detailed investigation of the microvasculature by FA. This is particularly important, since recent evidence suggests that a diabetic retinal neuropathy and loss of photoreceptors may precede the development of an overt retinal vasculopathy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swept-Source OCT Angiography Imaging of the Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Capillary Network Density in Diabetic Retinopathy

Al-Sheikh

Akıl

Pfau

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

200

157

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“…To confirm a tractional effect of an ERM on macula, visible retinal striae in biomicroscopic examination, OCT findings of multiple focal attachments or tentings of the underlying inner surface of the retina, and step-off in retinal thickness at the borders of membrane-retinal attachment area have all been suggested as evidences of traction 19 . In the absence of these signs, ERM may be considered non-tractional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of vitrectomy, membranectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema and non-tractional epiretinal membrane

Ghassemi

Bazvand

Roohipoor

et al. 2016

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy, membranectomy, and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on macular thickness and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) and non-tractional epiretinal membrane (NT-ERM).MethodsThis prospective interventional case series included eyes with refractory DME (central subfield macular thickness [CSMT] > 300 μm) after at least two intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB) and one intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (IVT), and accompanying NT-ERM. Complete ophthalmic examination, baseline spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fluorescein angiography (FA) were performed prior to 23 gauge pars plana vitrectomy with membranectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Postoperative evaluation was done with clinical examination and SD-OCT. Linear mix model analysis was used to study postoperative results.ResultsTwelve eyes from 11 patients (5 males) with a mean age of 60.33 ± 9.01 (range 46–73 years) were included. The mean follow-up time was 13.5 ± 4.48 months (range 4–20 months). A significant reduction in CSMT was found (from 559 ± 89 μm to 354 ± 76 μm; P = 0.001), with a non-significant BCVA change (from 0.84 ± 0.32 logMAR to 0.72 ± 0.2 logMAR; P = 0.967). There was no significant correlation between CSMT and BCVA (partial correlation = −0.115, P = 0.445) and also between estimated mean CSMT change per month and estimated mean BCVA change per month (r = 0.337, P = 0.283).ConclusionIn this series, our results did not show that vitrectomy, membranectomy, and ILM peeling result in significant improvement of BCVA in eyes with refractory DME and non-tractional ERM in spite of central macular thickness reduction.

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Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema

Cited by 42 publications

References 200 publications

Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Swept-Source OCT Angiography Imaging of the Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Capillary Network Density in Diabetic Retinopathy

Outcomes of vitrectomy, membranectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema and non-tractional epiretinal membrane

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