Nonwoven from cigarette butt applied in pre-treatment of surface water

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate a nonwoven (NW) production and performance from cellulose acetate fiber from cigarette butts andapplied to a filtration system for surface water pre-treatment. The system had a surface area of 692 cm³, cellulose acetate from cigarette butt as filter media, was used and was fed with surface water from a pond. In order to evaluate the treatment performance of the filtration system were evaluated in the raw water (RW) and the filtered water (FW) the classical parameter of water quality as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), apparent color, true color, and total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals (iron, copper, and cadmium). Moreover, the presence of nicotine was investigated in the FW. The results showed a mean removal efficiency in order to 62.01%, 54.42%, 50.36 %, 6.73%, and 5.20% for turbidity, TSS, apparent color, true color, and TOC, respectively. The removal of metals varied in the order of 72.26%, 9.61%, and 2.12% for cadmium, iron, and copper, respectively. The presence of nicotine in RW and FW was not identified. In this way, besides reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by cigarette butts present in the environment, the developed technology showed potential for removing pollutants present in surface waters.

Green Approach to Recover the Cellulose Acetate Fiber from Used Cigarette Butts, and Characterize the Filter Fiber

“…34 At 1754 cm -1 , the carbonyl functional group (C=O) appeared, which represents the acetate functional groups in cellulose. 19 Also at 892 cm -1 , another peak appeared which indicates the -O-H stretching bond represents the water-absorbing group of cellulosic materials. 35,36 Second, untreated CBFs and chemically modified CBFs (B&H, Gold Leaf) both underwent FTIR analysis.…”

“…18 Various washing and chemical treatments were also carried out depending on the desired products. But different researchers tried to develop various applications of CBFs in different recycled materials for nonwoven production, 19 sound absorbing material, 20 nanocrystal cellulose, 21 supporting material for bricks and steel manufacturing, 22 Asphalt concrete, 23 storage for energy in supercapacitor electrode, 24 and acetate fiber extraction from cigarette butts and characterization of their properties. 25 It has been observed that recently researchers tried to recycle and reuse the CBFs in different applications, and a considerable recycling rate of recent years was found for the production of carbon-based materials of around 27.27%, for building/construction materials, hydrophobic fibers 9.09%, supercapacitors 6.06%, paper 3.03%, corrosion control 6.06%, insect control 9.09%, sound absorber 6.06%, and biofilm carrier 6.06%.…”