Nordic hamstring exercise training alters knee joint kinematics and hamstring activation patterns in young men

Delahunt, Eamonn; McGroarty, Mark; Vito, Giuseppe De; Ditroilo, Massimiliano

doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3325-3

Cited by 68 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore, we included 10 studies in this systematic review. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Figure 1 shows the selection process.…”

Section: Results Of Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodologic quality assessment is provided in Figure 2 and Table 2. Five studies [38][39][40]45,47 reported the assessors were blinded. Only 4 studies demonstrated no differences in outcome measurements 42,44,45,47 or population characteristics 38,40,44,47 across study groups before the intervention.…”

Section: Methodologic Quality Assessment Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Gérard¹,

Gojon²,

Declève

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective To determine the effects of an eccentric hamstrings strength-training program, performed for at least 4 weeks by healthy adults, on muscle architecture and eccentric strength. Data Sources A systematic search was performed up to October 2018 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus. Combinations of the following search terms were used: eccentric strength training, eccentric loading, nordic hamstring, hamstring strength, fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness, muscle architecture, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris, and hamstring muscles. Study Selection Included articles were randomized controlled trials that allowed comparisons between isolated eccentric strength training of the biceps femoris muscle and other programs. Data Extraction Data from the included studies were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. These data included the study design, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria of clinical studies, exercise and intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and the main results of the study. When meta-analysis was possible, we performed quantitative analysis. Ten randomized controlled trials were included. Data Synthesis Limited to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric strength training was associated with an increase in fascicle length (mean difference [MD] = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 2.46), an increase in muscle thickness (MD = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.13), and a decrease in pennation angle (MD = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.61, 3.11). Conflicted to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric hamstrings strength was increased after eccentric strength training compared with concentric strength training (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.26, 1.86), usual level of activity (SMD = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.68, 3.77), and static stretching (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI = −0.97, 1.75). Conclusions In healthy adults, an eccentric strength-training program produced architectural adaptations on the long head of the biceps femoris muscle and increased eccentric hamstrings strength.

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“…Therefore, we included 10 studies in this systematic review. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Figure 1 shows the selection process.…”

Section: Results Of Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodologic Quality Assessment Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Gérard¹,

Gojon²,

Declève

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Specifically, infrared markers were placed on each participant's (from the bottom to the top) lateral malleolus, lateral femoral condyle, greater trochanter, and at the mid‐axillary line, just above the hip. A similar setup has been previously utilized in our research laboratory . This setup allowed for the changes in the knee joint angle (lateral malleolus and greater trochanter rotating about lateral femoral condyle) and the hip joint angle (mid‐axillary and lateral femoral condyle rotating about greater trochanter) to be recorded on the Codamotion software in real time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar setup has been previously utilized in our research laboratory. 25,27 This setup allowed for the changes in the knee joint angle (lateral malleolus and greater trochanter rotating about lateral femoral condyle) and the hip joint angle (midaxillary and lateral femoral condyle rotating about greater trochanter) to be recorded on the Codamotion software in real time. The markers were attached after the MVC tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccentric training has been consistently reported to increase the optimum length of tension development 17,[19][20][21][22][23] and to be linked with a reduction in hamstring muscle injury risk, 24 as well as an improvement in lower limb strength and sprint performance. 25,26 One of the most commonly utilized exercises for eccentric training of the hamstring muscles is the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), 17,27 whose efficacy in reducing hamstring muscle injuries has been substantiated. 6,9,[28][29][30] Recently, Askling et al 31,32 have proposed an alternative eccentric training protocol for hamstring muscle injuries (originally called and herein referred to as the L-protocol), consisting of exercises focusing on loading the hamstring muscles during extensive lengthening.…”

Section: Severini Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the Askling L‐Protocol for hamstring training

Severini

Holland

Drumgoole

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Hamstring injuries are common in field sport athletes. Eccentric strength training of the hamstring muscles is an integral component of rehabilitation programs. The Askling L-Protocol comprises three exercises [extender; diver; glider] that load the hamstrings during eccentric activity. When compared to a conventional exercise-based rehabilitation program, the Askling L-Protocol has been shown to reduce the time to return to sport following hamstring injury and prevalence of injury recurrence. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind its efficacy have yet to be studied. In this work, we conducted a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the exercises of the Askling L-Protocol. Eleven healthy individuals performed each of the exercises while electromyographic data from four muscles (including two hamstring muscles) were recorded. Hip and knee angular displacements and velocities were also synchronously recorded using a motion capture system. We found that the L-Protocol elicits a maximal contraction (up to 60% of the MVC in the glider exercise) in the hamstring muscles at a work point similar to the swing phase of running (around 62 degrees hip flexion and 23 degrees knee flexion). No difference in the levels of activation of the hamstrings was observed between the diver and glider, regardless of the different functional role they had in the two exercises. During the extender, the hamstring muscles are stretched and minimally engaged. Finally, co-activation analysis highlighted that through the combination of passive stretch and active eccentric contraction, the hamstrings are trained to co-activate using similar structural modules employed differentially to drive the movement or stabilize it.

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Neuromuscular Factors Related to Hamstring Muscle Function, Performance and Injury

Bourne

Schuermans

Witvrouw

et al. 2020

Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries

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Nordic hamstring exercise training alters knee joint kinematics and hamstring activation patterns in young men

Abstract: This study provides some insight into potential mechanisms by which an eccentric hamstring exercise programme utilizing the NHE as the mode of exercise may result in an improvement in hamstring muscle control during eccentric contractions.

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the Askling L‐Protocol for hamstring training

Neuromuscular Factors Related to Hamstring Muscle Function, Performance and Injury

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