Norepinephrine in urine and plasma following provocative maneuvers in normal and hypertensive subjects.

Henry, David P.; Luft, Friedrich C.; Weinberger, Myron H.; Fineberg, Naomi S.; Grim, Clarence E.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.2.1.20

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For example, we and others 85 have reported that women have higher urine creatinine levels than men. We and others have also shown that urine creatinine correlates inversely with age.…”

Section: Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Others have also reported a stronger linkage of NE with BP in females than males. For example, Henry et al 85 showed that urine NE correlated significantly with BP in normotensive females, but not normotensive males. On the other hand, Goldstein et al 17 did not find augmented plasma NE levels with aging in females relative to males, nor stronger correlations of plasma NE with age in females relative to males.…”

Section: Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of the sympathetic nervous system, glutathione, body mass and gender to blood pressure increase with normal aging: influence of heredity

Kennedy

Rao

Botiglieri³

et al. 2005

J Hum Hypertens

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Body mass and sympathetic activity increase with aging and might underlie blood pressure (BP) elevation. Increased body mass index (BMI) may elevate BP by increasing sympathetic activity. Glutathione (GSH) can decrease BP, and declines with aging. We measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP, BMI, plasma (NE pl ) and urine norepinephrine (NE u ), and plasma GSH in n ¼ 204 twins across the age spectrum. BP correlated directly with BMI, NE pl , and NE u , but inversely with GSH. Age correlated with BP, BMI, NE pl , and NE u . BP, BMI, NE pl , and NE u were higher in older subjects than younger subjects, whereas GSH was lower with aging. In older subjects with high (above median) NE pl , SBP was 8 mmHg higher than in those of comparable age with low NE. In younger subjects with high GSH, BP was significantly lower than in younger subjects having low GSH. NE u was significantly reduced in young high-BMI subjects vs young low-BMI subjects. The heritability (h 2 ) of NE pl, NE u , and GSH ranged from B50 to B70%, and these biochemical quantities were considerably more heritable than BP. We conclude that increases in sympathetic activity contribute to aging-induced SBP elevations, especially in older females. GSH reductions apparently participate in aging-induced BP elevations, most strongly in males. BMI increases contribute to BP elevations, particularly in younger subjects. BMI elevations apparently raise BP mainly by peripheral mechanisms, with generally little sympathetic activation. Substantial h 2 for plasma GSH, NE, and urine NE suggests that such traits may be useful 'intermediate phenotypes' in the search for genetic determinants of BP.

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“…For example, we and others 85 have reported that women have higher urine creatinine levels than men. We and others have also shown that urine creatinine correlates inversely with age.…”

Section: Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of the sympathetic nervous system, glutathione, body mass and gender to blood pressure increase with normal aging: influence of heredity

Kennedy

Rao

Botiglieri³

et al. 2005

J Hum Hypertens

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“…33 It may be for this reason that there is dispute as to the interrelationship between baseline plasma NE levels and the presence and extent of hypertension. 22 ' 3K 34~36 However, plasma NE levels are considered to be representative of sympathetic nerve activity. ' 3 -" The failure of plasma EP to rise significantly indicates that adrenal medullary secretion is probably not a major source of the plasma catecholamines measured in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baroreflex sensitivity modulates vasodepressor response to nitroprusside.

Shepherd¹,

Lin

McNay

et al. 1983

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Baroreflex activity is a determinant of the homeostatic response to alteration in blood pressure. We examined the factors that determine the magnitude of the vasodepressor response to sequential incremental intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside (NP), 0.05 to 6.4 yug/kg/min, in eight male patients with essential hypertension. Each infusion level was of 10 minutes' duration. Change from control values of mean arterial pressure (AMAP), heart rate (AHR) and plasma norepinephrine (ANE) were obtained at the end of each infusion level. Significant correlations were found between AMAP vs log dose NP, AHR vs AMAP and ANE vs AMAP for each patient (p < 0.05). However, the slopes of these relationships varied widely between subjects and were significantly correlated with the control blood pressure of each patient. In addition, the sympathetic responsiveness, as measured by ANE vs AMAP, was inversely correlated with the degree of vasodepressor response seen. Thus, the magnitude of the vasodepressor response was determined by two major factors: 1) the predrug blood pressure, possibly reflecting altered vascular geometry with hypertension; 2) the degree of sympathetic response, which probably acts by mediating the degree of reflex alpha-adrenergic-mediated arteriolar vasoconstriction. (Hypertension 5: 79-85, 1983) KEY WORDS * plasma norepinephrine • hypertension • heart rate • humans T HE level of baroreceptor activity, acting by way of the sympathetic nervous system, is a major determinant of the homeostatic response to perturbation of blood pressure. Changes in sensitivity of the baroreflex arc occur in hypertension, 1 " 5 sleep, 6 and with aging. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is usually expressed in terms of the change in heart rate (HR), or R-R interval, for each unit of change in blood pressure.' 2 7~9 However, there are practical and theoretical limitations to this approach. First, in subjects receiving beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, the relationship between HR response and the level of sympathetic activity may change. Second, HR is controlled by a balance between the level of activity of the vagal and the sympa-

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“…The increase in trigryceride concentration may result from a direct effect of these drugs on secretion of very low density lipoproteins and triglycerides, augmented by the hyperirisulinemia and insulin resistance previously described with diuretic treatment. 74 Diuretics also increase catecholamine levels, 75 which in turn stimulate, hepatic cholesterol synthesis. 76 Diuretics are not the only antihypertensive agents with known adverse effects on the lipid profile.…”

Section: Antihypertensive Therapy and Ljpidsmentioning

confidence: 99%