Normal and Extreme Wind Conditions for Power at Coastal Locations in China

Abstract

In this paper, the normal and extreme wind conditions for power at 12 coastal locations along China’s coastline were investigated. For this purpose, the daily meteorological data measured at the standard 10-m height above ground for periods of 40–62 years are statistically analyzed. The East Asian Monsoon that affects almost China’s entire coastal region is considered as the leading factor determining wind energy resources. For most stations, the mean wind speed is higher in winter and lower in summer. Meanwhile, the wind direction analysis indicates that the prevalent winds in summer are southerly, while those in winter are northerly. The air densities at different coastal locations differ significantly, resulting in the difference in wind power density. The Weibull and lognormal distributions are applied to fit the yearly wind speeds. The lognormal distribution performs better than the Weibull distribution at 8 coastal stations according to two judgement criteria, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and absolute error (AE). Regarding the annual maximum extreme wind speed, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution performs better than the commonly-used Gumbel distribution. At these southeastern coastal locations, strong winds usually occur in typhoon season. These 4 coastal provinces, that is, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, which have abundant wind resources, are also prone to typhoon disasters.

Perception, Knowledge and Behaviors Related to Typhoon: A Cross Sectional Study among Rural Residents in Zhejiang, China

“…In our study, most residents identified television as the main ways to get information before typhoon (83.5%), the result was similar with previous studies in China [ 14 , 28 ], Florida [ 26 ], and New Jersey [ 34 ]. TV is a major and convenient source of information among rural residents.…”

“…Among the southeastern regions of China, Zhejiang province is one of the very high-risk provinces most frequently affected by typhoons [ 28 ]. Super Typhoon “Chan-hom” landed in the middle coast of Zhejiang Province in July 2015, affecting 1.9 million people with a direct economic loss of almost 6 billion RMB, forcing 1.06 million people to evacuate [ 29 ].…”

Modeling impacts of combustion products on humans in complex processing facilities

“…The rationale behind selecting the wind speed was to imitate light breeze conditions at sea. Moreover, calm (0 m/s) and extreme (13.375 m/s) wind speeds have been considered to assess dispersion behavior of smoke as recommended by Gao et al The wind direction in the current study was from the forward to the aft of the FLNG. The simulation time was 5 minutes.…”

Research on Basic Wind Pressure Calculation Method for Lacking Long‐Term Wind Speed Data

“…Samples using wind speed statistics can be obtained from (21). After using the sample distribution to fit the theoretical distribution, a scientific and objective method is needed to check whether the actual overall distribution of the wind speed data conforms to the theoretical distribution.…”

“…For areas without long-term wind speed data, it is of great significance to provide a reasonable basic wind pressure for design reference based on limited short-term wind speed data. Currently, based on short-term wind speed data, scholars [20,21] use the annual and monthly maximum wind speed data as samples to calculate the wind pressure during the design reference period, but there are relatively few studies using the weekly and daily maximum wind speed data as sample for calculation, and there is a lack of research using both data calculate the basic wind pressure. Meanwhile, most of the existing studies are based on short-term wind speed data to focus on a certain city or region, but the rules summarized according to a certain region or city are not necessarily suitable for every region.…”