Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Abdelsalam, E. B.; Ford, E.J.H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1985.tb01972.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This results are in agreement with previous works reported in cattle and other ruminant species (Abdelsalam and Ford 1985;Pardío et al 2001). Biological variability in livestock blood cholinesterase activity for bio-monitoring organophosphate nerve agent exposure has been characterized in previous studies (Halbrook et al 1992;Abdelsalam and Ford 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after topical administration

et al. 2008

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The aim of this work was to study the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after pour-on administration. Determination of cholinesterase activity in plasma and erythrocyte was carried out according to Ellman kinetic method. The mean baseline activities were 9338.39 +/- 1331.61 and 13220.69 +/- 2274.18 to acetylcholinesterase and 624.65 +/- 39.32 and 641.68 +/- 88.08 IU/L to butyrylcholinesterase in females and males, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase was the predominant form of cholinesterase analyzed, with low levels of butyrylcholinesterase. The basal acetylcholinesterase activities of the bulls were significantly greater than those of cows. The inhibitory effect of topical chlorpyrifos administration was lower on butyrylcholinesterase than on acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos peak plasma concentration (male:10.920 +/- 4.18; female:12.12 +/- 3.88 microg/L) were reached at 11.92 +/- 9.19 and 8.17 +/- 7.67 h in male and female, respectively. The values of area under curve were 185.96 +/- 168.45 and 278.89 +/- 270.00 microg h/L and mean residence time were 13.95 +/- 8.10 and 14.90 +/- 9.80 h in male and female, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after topical administration

et al. 2008

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“…Clinical measurements of these enzymes are the most sensitive biomarkers of exposure to anti-ChE compounds including OPs and carbamate (CB) pesticides in mammals, birds and fish. [10][11][12][13] As assay for blood ChE activity is considered a relatively simple procedure, it is used for assessing the extent of human exposure to OP. Based on preexposure value of less than 30% inhibition to blood ChE is indicative of minor and reversible toxicity, required working condition need to be examined to avoid exceeding such a level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of cholinesterase enzyme activity before and after exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers of a suburb region of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran

et al. 2015

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Introduction: Accidental toxicity by organophosphate (OP) agents may occur among farmers during spraying season due to improper use and handling. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity measurement is recommended to monitor the extent of exposure to the OP agent. The aim of the current study was to measure plasma ChE activity before and after exposure with OP pesticides. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 36 farmers working in the farm field. The plasma ChE level was measured before spraying and 2 days and 8 weeks after spraying season and exposure to OP agent. Farmers were observed for clinical signs and symptoms of toxicity after exposure. Results: Vertimac was the most common agent used by farmers followed by diazinon and chlorpyrifos. The plasma ChE level significantly decreased after exposure by over 50%. The level returned to preexposure level after 8 weeks. Conclusion: Exposure to OP pesticide is a major concern in the developing countries. More than 50% reduction in the plasma ChE activity after spraying is an alarming message for health-care system and policy makers. Furthermore, workplace evaluation, serial ChE monitoring, and appropriate training and education to exposed individuals would be initial important steps to avoid the toxicity or reduce the severity of poisoning.

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“…This observation is consistent with previous findings in this species, showing high levels of AChE activity in erythrocytes, about 2–3 times higher than those measured in serum and plasma (Askar et al, ). Likewise, AChE activity in red blood cells from other ruminant and mammalian species represented 80%–90% of the total blood cholinesterase activity (Abdelsalam & Ford, ; Munro, Shugart, Watson, & Halbrook, ; Pardio, Ibarra, Rodríguez, & Waliszewski, ). The high AChE catalytic activity measured in erythrocytes is due to the large amount of this enzyme on the plasma membrane of these cells (Askar et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Askar et al, 2011). Likewise, AChE activity in red blood cells from other ruminant and mammalian species represented 80%-90% of the total blood cholinesterase activity (Abdelsalam & Ford, 1985;Munro, Shugart, Watson, & Halbrook, 1991;Pardio, Ibarra, Rodríguez, & Waliszewski, 2001).…”

Section: In Vivo Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on blood cholinesterases in sheep

Larsen

Lifschitz

Lanusse

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The combination of the organophosphate (OP) chlorpyrifos (CPF) and the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CPM) is commonly marketed as pour‐on formulations for the control of sheep lice, ked, and blowflies. CPF irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterases (AChE), while pyrethroids are not AChE inhibitors. However, combinations of pyrethroids with OPs showed a highly synergistic effect on AChE inhibition. Thus, the aim of the current work was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the inhibitory potency of both pesticides, alone and in combination with AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities in sheep blood. In vitro, IC50 values were similar after CPF or CPF plus CPM incubations. The pour‐on coadministration of recommended doses of CPF and CPM did not cause a significant inhibition of AChE and BChE in sheep blood. Only slight percentages of inhibition of their catalytic activities were observed when both drugs were given at 4‐fold higher dose rates. The lower systemic availability of topical administration of OPs in sheep may help to explain the lower degree of inhibition of blood AChE and BChE in vivo. The results emerged from this research are a further contribution to the knowledge of the risks of implementing higher dosage regimens of OPs‐containing antiparasitic formulations.

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Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after topical administration

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpyrifos in male and female cattle after topical administration

Measurement of cholinesterase enzyme activity before and after exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers of a suburb region of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran

In vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on blood cholinesterases in sheep

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