Normal-Mode Line Shapes for Atoms in Standing-Wave Optical Resonators

Jj, Childs; An, Kai Nan; Ms, Otteson; Rr, Dasari; Ms, Feld

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.2901

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…This is different from the more extensively studied low-excitation limit where the pseudospin is always near M ¼ −S, and to good approximationŜ z can be considered to be a constant of motion (HolsteinPrimakoff approximation) [26,[41][42][43], With this approximation the equations of motion are analogous to a system of two coupled linear oscillators and cannot reproduce the behavior we observe near full inversion. In the lowexcitation limit, the maxima and minima of the FID both evolve withn ∝ g 2 N, which is much slower than thë n ∝ g 2 N 2 behavior we observe here.…”

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confidence: 95%

Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

et al. 2017

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We achieve the strong-coupling regime between an ensemble of phosphorus donor spins in a highly enriched 28 Si crystal and a 3D dielectric resonator. Spins are polarized beyond Boltzmann equilibrium using spin-selective optical excitation of the no-phonon bound exciton transition resulting in N ¼ 3.6 × 10 13 unpaired spins in the ensemble. We observe a normal mode splitting of the spin-ensemble-cavity polariton resonances of 2g ffiffiffiffi N p ¼ 580 kHz (where each spin is coupled with strength g) in a cavity with a quality factor of 75 000 ( γ ≪ κ ≈ 60 kHz, where γ and κ are the spin dephasing and cavity loss rates, respectively). The spin ensemble has a long dephasing time (T Ã 2 ¼ 9 μs) providing a wide window for viewing the dynamics of the coupled spin-ensemble-cavity system. The free-induction decay shows up to a dozen collapses and revivals revealing a coherent exchange of excitations between the superradiant state of the spin ensemble and the cavity at the rate g ffiffiffiffi N p. The ensemble is found to evolve as a single large pseudospin according to the Tavis-Cummings model due to minimal inhomogeneous broadening and uniform spin-cavity coupling. We demonstrate independent control of the total spin and the initial Z projection of the psuedospin using optical excitation and microwave manipulation, respectively. We vary the microwave excitation power to rotate the pseudospin on the Bloch sphere and observe a long delay in the onset of the superradiant emission as the pseudospin approaches full inversion. This delay is accompanied by an abrupt π-phase shift in the peusdospin microwave emission. The scaling of this delay with the initial angle and the sudden phase shift are explained by the Tavis-Cummings model.

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Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

et al. 2017

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“…Against this backdrop, experiments in cavity QED have made great strides over the past two decades to achieve strong coupling [10]. The vacuum-Rabi splitting for single intracavity atoms has been observed with atomic beams in both the optical [11,12,13] and microwave regimes [14]. The combination of laser cooled atoms and large coherent coupling has enabled single atomic trajectories to be monitored in real time with high signal-to-noise ratio, so that the vacuum-Rabi spectrum could be obtained from atomic transit signals produced by single atoms [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Without exception these prior single atom experiments related to the vacuum-Rabi splitting in cavity QED [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] have required averaging over trials with many atoms to obtain quantitative spec-…”

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Observation of the Vacuum Rabi Spectrum for One Trapped Atom

Boca

Miller²,

Birnbaum³

et al. 2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

387

320

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The transmission spectrum for one atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator is observed to exhibit a clearly resolved vacuum-Rabi splitting characteristic of the normal modes in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system. A new Raman scheme for cooling atomic motion along the cavity axis enables a complete spectrum to be recorded for an individual atom trapped within the cavity mode, in contrast to all previous measurements in cavity QED that have required averaging over many atoms.A cornerstone of optical physics is the interaction of a single two-level atom with the electromagnetic field of a high quality resonator. Of particular importance is the regime of strong coupling, for which the frequency scale g associated with reversible evolution for the atom-cavity system exceeds the rates (γ, κ) for irreversible decay of atom and cavity field, respectively [1]. In the domain of strong coupling, a photon emitted by the atom into the cavity mode is likely to be repeatedly absorbed and reemitted at the single-quantum Rabi frequency 2g before being irreversibly lost into the environment. This oscillatory exchange of excitation between atom and cavity field results from a normal mode splitting in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system [2] which is manifest in emission [3] and absorption [4] spectra, and has been dubbed the vacuum-Rabi splitting [3].Strong coupling in cavity QED as evidenced by the vacuum-Rabi splitting provides enabling capabilities for quantum information science, including for the implementation of scalable quantum computation [5,6], for the realization of distributed quantum networks [7,8], and more generally, for the study of open quantum systems [9]. Against this backdrop, experiments in cavity QED have made great strides over the past two decades to achieve strong coupling [10]. The vacuum-Rabi splitting for single intracavity atoms has been observed with atomic beams in both the optical [11,12,13] and microwave regimes [14]. The combination of laser cooled atoms and large coherent coupling has enabled single atomic trajectories to be monitored in real time with high signal-to-noise ratio, so that the vacuum-Rabi spectrum could be obtained from atomic transit signals produced by single atoms [15]. A significant advance has been the trapping of individual atoms in an optical cavity in a regime of strong coupling [16,17], with the vacuum-Rabi splitting first evidenced for single trapped atoms in Ref.[16] and the entire transmission spectra recorded in Ref. [18].Without exception these prior single atom experiments related to the vacuum-Rabi splitting in cavity QED [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] have required averaging over trials with many atoms to obtain quantitative spec- tral information, even if individual trials involved only single atoms (e.g., 10 5 atoms were required to obtain a spectrum in Ref. [14] and > 10 3 atoms were needed in Ref. [18]). By contrast, the implementation of complex algorithms in quantum information science requires the capabili...

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“…The one-atom vacuum Rabi splitting for the Cs transition (6S 1/2 , F = 4 → 6P 3/2 , F = 5 ) was observed. Similar observations were made by Feld et al using Ba atoms [79]. The brief interaction time was a limitation in these experiments, and so subsequent experiments with clouds of cold atoms cooled to sub-Doppler temperatures were prepared in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) located a few millimeters above the cavity and released into the cavity.…”

Section: Cavity Qed Experiments In the Visible Spectral Regionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The Deterministic Generation of Photons by Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Walther

2007

Elements of Quantum Information

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Cavity quantum electrodynamics allows the study of strong coupling between excited atoms and a single mode of a resonant cavity. As a consequence of the strong coupling the cavity field and the atom are entangled. The system thus provides important ingredients necessary for studies of quantum information processing. In addition the periodic exchange of a photon between atom and cavity can be studied. It thus represents the ideal system to investigate the Jaynes-Cummings model and to study a variety of phenomena related to the dynamics of the photon exchange such as collapse and revivals depending on the statistics of the photon field. Furthermore, it is an ideal system to study the quantum measurement process. The system leads to masers and lasers which sustain oscillations with less than one atom on average in the cavity and can, in addition, be used as a deterministic photon source. The setup allows to study in detail the conditions necessary to obtain nonclassical radiation, i.e. radiation with sub-Poissonian photon statistics and even photon number states; this is the case even when Poissonian pumping is used. This paper reviews the work on cavity quantum electrodynamics performed with the one-atom maser and with a single ion trap laser. We will start with the discussion of the one-atom maser. For a more detailed discussion of those experiments see also [1].

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Normal-Mode Line Shapes for Atoms in Standing-Wave Optical Resonators

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

Observation of the Vacuum Rabi Spectrum for One Trapped Atom

The Deterministic Generation of Photons by Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

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