Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the temperament and character inventory-revised (Turkish TCI-R)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the TCI-R in a Turkish sample. METHODS: Participants were 1026 (786 female, 240 male) college students at Hasan Kalyoncu University in Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and the TCI-R, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 24 for Windows. RESULTS: The internal consistency was satisfactory for all dimensions (Cronbach alpha coefficients above 0.7). The highest Cronbach alpha was found for Persistence Dimension (0.92) and the lowest Cronbach alpha was found for Novelty Seeking Dimension (0.73) and test-retest correlation coefficients for all dimensions were relatively high and statistically significant. TCI-R temperament and character scales were found significantly correlated with the BDI, the BAI, and the PBQ total scores. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded four factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 62.67% of the total variance for temperament dimension. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded three factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 56.14% of the total variance for character dimension. The addition of four new subscales to the original scale for Persistence has produced a very reliable dimension in the TCI-R with the loadings ranging from 0.82 to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that Turkish TCI-R was a valid and reliable tool with a robust factorial structure for further use in the assessing of personality psychopathology in clinical populations in Turkey.

Cloninger’in Mizaç ve Karakter Boyutları’nın Depresyon Tedavisi ile İlişkisi

“…Persistence is associated with positive personality traits of hardworking, determined, perfectionist and enthusiastic temperament. 4,5 People with this temperament tend to continue the behavior despite frustration and fatigue. In this regard, the result of our study seems to be compatible with the literature.…”

“…The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was developed by Cloninger et al 4 It is a dimensional model for the conceptualization and classification of personality that includes both normal personality traits and personality disorders. 4,5 It evaluates four temperament and three character traits: Novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P) are temperament components. Self-directedness (SD), cooperation (C), and self-transcendence (ST) are character components.…”

“…Self-directedness (SD), cooperation (C), and self-transcendence (ST) are character components. 4,5 Researchers suggest a bio-psychological perspective focused on personality traits in order to create diagnosis and treatment protocols suitable for individual differences observed in the course of mental disorders. 6 In this context, TCI is important because it considers biological and genetic evidence.…”

Psychopathy, temperament, and character dimensions of personality as risk determinants of criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients

“…TCI‐R has been used in many countries and in many languages, and its psychometric features have been found to be valid and reliable in the assessment of personality. The validity, reliability, and factorial structure of the Turkish version have been studied by Kose et al [49], who reported Cronbach alpha coefficients above 0.7 for all dimensions. The copyright of the Turkish TCI‐R is held by Kose and permission to use the inventory in the research was obtained.…”

Evaluation of temperament and character traits of patients with severe acne

“…Among character traits, Self-Directedness (S) was divided into five subscales (S1: Responsibility, S2: Purposefulness, S3: Resourcefulness, S4: Self-acceptance, and S5: Enlightened 2nd nature); Cooperativeness (C) into five subscales (C1: Socialacceptance, C2: Empathy, C3: Helpfulness, C4: Compassion, and C5: Integratedconscience); and Self-Transcendence (ST)was divided into three subscales (ST1: Self-forgetfulness, ST2:Transpersonalidentification, and ST3: Spiritualacceptance). TCI was developed by Cloninger, and the Turkish version of TCI was developed by Kose et al5,17,18…”