Normative data on penile and anogenital measurements of term male infants in Sagamu, Nigeria

Adekoya, AO; Fetuga, MB; Jarrett, O O; Ogunlesi, TA; Chanoine, Jean‐Pierre; Oba-Daini, OO

doi:10.1111/apa.14885

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly, the AFD was higher than previously reported [8, 10, 23, 24]. The same observation was reported in male newborns in the same location [25]. Although these various observations suggest that newborn clitoral length and anogenital distances may differ according to ethnicity, they may also reflect differences in the methodology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Clitoral sizes and anogenital distances in term newborns in Nigeria

Adekoya

Fetuga

Jarrett

et al. 2019

Int J Pediatr Endocrinol

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BackgroundPrevious studies suggest significant ethnic and racial differences in clitoral sizes and anogenital distances in the newborn. This study aimed to document normative data on clitoral sizes and anogenital distances of apparently normal term female infants in Sagamu.MethodsThe study was a multi-center, cross-sectional descriptive research carried out among 317 female term infants within the first 72 h of life. Interviewer-based questionnaire was applied to obtain sociodemographic data, pregnancy and birth history. A sliding digital caliper was used for measurement. Data analysis was with SPSS version 20.0.ResultsThe mean clitoral length was 6.7 ± 1.6 mm while the mean clitoral width was 5.6 ± 0.8 mm. The mean fourchette-clitoris distance, anus-clitoris distance and anus-fourchette distance were 21.9 ± 2.1 mm, 35.5 ± 2.5 mm and 17.0 ± 2.6 mm respectively. The anus-clitoris and anus-fourchette distances significantly correlated with the anthropometric parameters while the clitoral measurements did not.ConclusionThe mean values recorded in this study were higher than observed in most previous studies. This simple, affordable and non-invasive evaluation could aid early diagnosis and treatment of female infants with potentially harmful conditions such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Clitoral sizes and anogenital distances in term newborns in Nigeria

Adekoya

Fetuga

Jarrett

et al. 2019

Int J Pediatr Endocrinol

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“…This was a cross sectional, multi-centre study conducted in Sagamu, South-west Nigeria between April 2014 and March 2015. By convenience sampling, two hundred term male infants of consecutive births were selected from a cohort of newborns who were recruited from a teaching hospital, two specialist private hospitals and two primary health centres, to establish normative data for stretched penile length for the locale (7). A sample size of 200 has been documented to be adequate for the estimation of reference range as it provides a stable reference range between the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles with a 99% confidence level (15,16).…”

Section: Study Location and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assistant marked the spatula at a point corresponding to the tip of the glans penis, excluding the prepuce. The measurement was also read with a digital caliper (7).…”

Section: R E C R U I T M E N T a N D M E A S U R E M E N T O F Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every measurement was taken twice and the average adopted. The body weight, length, head and chest circumference were measured as previously described (7). The body temperature of all the participants was normal at the time of measurement.…”

Section: R E C R U I T M E N T a N D M E A S U R E M E N T O F Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For clinicians and researchers, a major importance of the SPL is to determine normal penile length and consequently identify babies with abnormal sizes viz micropenis and macropenis; as these are associated with different potentially endangering conditions such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia and congenital hypopituitarism (5,6) It is therefore pertinent that there should be no under-or over-stretching while measuring the penile length, so as to avoid creating skewed references and thus, the wrong diagnoses (7). Globally, reference values generated from different communities on SPL have shown ethnic and racial variations in penile sizes in the newborn (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flaccid penile length and stretch factor in the newborn

Fetuga¹,

Ogunlesi²,

Adekoya³

et al. 2021

REJHS

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Objective: Little is known about the flaccid penile length in the newborn and the degree of stretch of the penis among investigators while measuring the stretched penile length. This study aimed to document the flaccid penile length and the stretch factor in the newborn.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 term male infants within the first 72 hours of life. The flaccid penile length and the stretched penile length were measured with a wooden spatula and the stretch factor was calculated.Results: The mean (±SD) flaccid and stretched penile length were 30.9 ± 3.8 mm and 38.9 ± 4.0 mm respectively. The mean stretch factor was 26.4 %. Both testes had the same mean volume of 1.6 ± 0.5 ml. There was a significant correlation between flaccid and stretched penile lengths (r = 0.775, p = 0.000). The flaccid penile length was a significant predictor of the stretched penile length.Conclusion: This study has been able to determine the stretch factor while measuring the flaccid and stretch penile lengths in Nigerian newborn infants. It is recommended that the flaccid penile length be measured along with the stretched penile length and determine the stretch factor in order to compare how much investigators stretch the penis during measurement. This will allow for detailed comparison of penile anthropometry across different ethnic groups and races. Keywords: flaccid penile length, newborn, stretch factor, stretched penile length.

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