Normative Findings for Periocular Anthropometric Measurements among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong

Abstract

Measurement of periocular structures is of value in several clinical specialties including ophthalmology, optometry, medical and clinical genetics, oculoplastic surgery, and traumatology. Therefore we aimed to determine the periocular anthropometric norms for Chinese young adults using a noninvasive 3D stereophotography system. Craniofacial images using the 3dMDface system were acquired for 103 Chinese subjects (51 males and 52 females) between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Anthropometric landmarks were identified on these digital images according to standard definitions, and linear distances between these landmarks were calculated. It was found that ocular measurements were significantly larger in Chinese males than females for intercanthal width, biocular width, and eye fissure lengths. No gender differences were found in the eye fissure height and the canthal index which ranged between 43 and 44. Both right and left eye fissure height-length ratios were significantly larger in females. This is the first study to employ 3D stereophotogrammetry to create a database of anthropometric normative data for periocular measurements. These data would be useful for clinical interpretation of periocular pathology and serve as reference values when planning aesthetic and posttraumatic surgical interventions.

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

“…Several works 10,[14][15][16][17][18]22 have anthropometrically analyzed facial features of different populations. However, discussions between those studies and the present work are somewhat difficult to make due to the notable genotypic (and thereby phenotypic) variation between races.…”

The facial morphology in Down syndrome: A 3D comparison of patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea

“…An anthropometric analysis scheme developed for qualifying facial norms [Jayaratne et al 2013a; Jayaratne et al 2013b; Jayaratne et al 2014b; Jayaratne et al 2014c] was used with suitable modifications to suit the current project. Landmarks were identified by a single investigator (YSNJ) with significant experience in digital craniofacial anthropometry.…”

The Prevalence of Double Eyelid and the 3D Measurement of Orbital Soft Tissue in Malays and Chinese

“…On the contrary, Aljunid & Ngeow 13 reported no significance difference in interpupillary distance (IPD) between their Malay and Chinese subjects. The reported ICD among the Chinese was from 34.7 mm to 40.01 mm 11 , 13 – 17 , and the IPD among the Chinese was from 61.4 mm to 64.8 mm 13 . In general, based on the soft tissue measurements and intercanthal distance, the Malay appears to have larger eyes that are located closer together.…”