Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin?

Liao, Ximing; Norata, Giuseppe Danilo; Polak, Joseph F.; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Catapano, Alberico L.; Rundek, Tatjana; Ezhov, Marat; Sander, Dirk; Thompson, Simon G.; Lorenz, Matthias; Балахонова, Т. В.; Safarova, Maya; Grigore, Liliana; Empana, Jean Philippe; Lin, Hung Ju; McLachlan, Stela; Bokemark, Lena; Ronkainen, Kimmo; Schminke, Ulf; Lind, Lars; Willeit, Peter; Yanez, David; Steinmetz, Helmuth; Poppert, Holger; Desvarieux, Moïse; Ikram, M. Arfan; Johnsen, Stein Harald; Iglseder, Bernhard; Friera, Alfonsa; Xie, Weixin; Plichart, Matthieu; Su, Ta Chen; Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Schmidt, Caroline; Tuomainen, Tomi Pekka; Völzke, Henry; Nijpels, Giel; Willeit, Johann; Franco, Oscar H.; Suárez, C. Roldán; Zhao, Dong; Ducimetière, Pierre; Chien, Kuo–Liong; Robertson, Christine; Bergström, Göran; Kauhanen, Jussi; Dörr, Marcus; Dekker, J.; Kiechl, Stefan; Sitzer, Matthias; Bickel, Horst; Sacco, Ralph L.; Hofman, Albert; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Gabriel, Rafael; Liu, Jing; Berenson, Gerald S.; Kavousi, Maryam; Price, Jackie F.

doi:10.1177/2047487315625543

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, some do not even overlap 19) . Altogether, this has led to the inability to generate universal or regional population reference or cut-off values for cIMT 81) in prediction of CHD risk.…”

Section: Other Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a possibility that similar CAC score among various regions is associated wi th significantly different absolute risk of ASCVD 87) and, thus, a universal cut-off value of CAC score for increased risk may not be possible. Similarly, in Japanese populations, cIMT is generally lower than that of Caucasians in the US 88) , and so, cut-off values of cIMT for risk prediction obtained from western studies may not be appropriate for the Japanese population or other Asian populations 81) . Abnormal values of cIMT also depend on the methodology used for IMT measurements 21) .…”

Section: Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Plaque: Clinical Use in Need of Clarification

Zaid

Fujiyoshi

Kadota

et al. 2017

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Atherosclerosis begins in early life and has a long latent period prior to onset of clinical disease. Measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, therefore, may have important implications for research and clinical practice of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we focus on coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque as many population-based studies have investigated these measures due to their non-invasive features and ease of administration. To date, a vast majority of studies have been conducted in the US and European countries, in which both CAC and cIMT/plaque have been shown to be associated with future risk of ASCVD, independent of conventional risk factors. Furthermore, these measures improve risk prediction when added to a global risk prediction model, such as the Framingham risk score. However, no clinical trial has assessed whether screening with CAC or cIMT/plaque will lead to improved clinical outcomes and healthcare costs. Interestingly, similar levels of CAC or cIMT/plaque among various regions and ethnic groups may in fact be associated with significantly different levels of absolute risk of ASCVD. Therefore, it remains to be determined whether measures of subclinical atherosclerosis improve risk prediction in non-US/European populations. Although CAC and cIMT/plaque are promising surrogates of ASCVD in research, we conclude that their use in clinical practice, especially as screening tools for primary prevention in asymptomatic adults, is premature due to many vagaries that remain to be clarified.

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Section: Other Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Plaque: Clinical Use in Need of Clarification

Zaid

Fujiyoshi

Kadota

et al. 2017

J Atheroscler Thromb

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“…In childhood, mild degrees of intima-media thickening reflect a compensatory adaptation of intimal and medial layers to pressure and flow in the absence of AS lesions ( 12 – 15 ). Therefore, cIMT physiologically increases in children in association with age and growth ( 5 , 7 , 15 – 19 ), male gender ( 5 , 7 , 19 , 20 ), pubertal maturation ( 20 ), as well as ethnicity ( 7 , 21 ), and geographical factors ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Normative Data and Systematic Literature Review

Torkar

Plesnik

Grošelj

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Objectives: Early identification of children at risk of atherosclerosis is of paramount importance for implementing primary preventive measures addressing vascular health. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive biomarker of atherosclerosis. Semiautomatic radiofrequency-based software-guided technique quality intima-media thickness (RF-QIMT) was used to determine cIMT normative values in a healthy cohort of Caucasian children aged 6 to 18 years.Study design: In a cross-sectional study, data on age, chronic illness, medication use, and pubertal status was acquired by a questioner. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed by standardized methods and trained medical personnel. cIMT of the right common carotid artery far wall (1 centimeter proximal to bifurcation) was determined using a multifrequency (3–13 MHz) electronic linear array transducer SL1543, a portable ultrasound device (MyLab Gamma Esaote, Genoa, Italy), and RF-QIMT software. A systematic review of the published normal cIMT in children was done using PRISMA methodology, and identified normative values were compared to those obtained in the presented study.Results: 1137 non-obese normotensive children (males: n = 512; mean age 12.04 ± 3.52 years, females: n = 625, mean age 12.98 ± 3.83 years) were included. Gender-, age-, and height-specific mean cIMT percentile tables, percentile charts, and LMS tables for the RF-QIMT method were provided. They were comparable to the previously published data on mean cIMT gained by other validated ultrasound imaging techniques. cIMT increased with age, height, hip circumference, and BMI and was higher in males.Conclusions: Gender-, age-, and height-specific normative cIMT values, using the semiautomatic software-guided RF-QIMT technique, in children aged 6 to 18 years were developed and validated in respect to the previously published pediatric normative cIMT data. It is suggested that the investigated method could be used for the estimation of atherosclerotic risk in children, especially in epidemiological studies.

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“…Most of the studies in which RIs for CIMT were defined included data obtained from retrospective analysis of patients evaluated in different specialized centers [ 4 , 7 , 9 , 25 ]. On the other hand, differences in inclusion/exclusion criteria and/or in the methodological approaches make it difficult to carry out comparative analyses among studies and/or to extrapolate data to other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima Media Thickness Reference Intervals for a Healthy Argentinean Population Aged 11–81 Years

Díaz

Bia

Manterola

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hypertension

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Reference intervals (RIs) of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) from large healthy population are still lacking in Latin America. The aim of this study was to determine CIMT RIs in a cohort of 1012 healthy subjects from Argentina. We evaluated if RIs for males and females and for left and right carotids were necessary. Second, mean and standard deviation (SD) age-related equations were obtained for left, right, and average (left + right)/2) CIMT using parametric regression methods based on fractional polynomials, in order to obtain age-specific percentiles curves. Age-specific percentile curves were obtained. Males showed higher A-CIMT (0.577 ± 0.003 mm versus 0.566 ± 0.004 mm, P = 0.039) in comparison with females. For males, the equations were as follows: A-CIMT mean = 0.42 + 8.14 × 10−5⁎Age2; A-CIMT SD = 5.9 × 10−2 + 1.09 × 10−5⁎Age2. For females, they were as follows: A-CIMT mean = 0.40 + 8.20 × 10−5⁎Age2; A-CIMT SD = 4.67 × 10−2 + 1.63 × 10−5⁎Age2. Our study provides the largest database concerning RIs of CIMT in healthy people in Argentina. Specific RIs and percentiles of CIMT for children, adolescents, and adults are now available according to age and gender, for right and left common carotid arteries.

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Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin?

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Plaque: Clinical Use in Need of Clarification

Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Plaque: Clinical Use in Need of Clarification

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Normative Data and Systematic Literature Review

Carotid Intima Media Thickness Reference Intervals for a Healthy Argentinean Population Aged 11–81 Years

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