North American Psocoptera

Mockford, Edward L.

doi:10.1201/9780203745403

Cited by 11 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…In general, this incongruence in the systematics of the Psocidae is likely caused by the historical undersampling of Neotropical taxa in previous phylogenetic studies (e.g. Mockford, 1993;Yoshizawa and Johnson 2008;Liu et al 2013). The fact that the evolutionary history in the Psocidae is currently mostly understood from Holarctic lineages, neglects the description of a potentially higher diversity in the tropics.…”

Section: Can Heavily-holarctic Sampled Phylogenies Predict the Phylogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With more than 1,000 species classified across 80 different genera, Psocidae is the largest extant family of free-living lice (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera'; Mockford, 1993;Johnson et al 2020;Lienhard and Smithers, 2002). Although many temperate species are currently described (Lienhard and Smithers, 2002;Johnson et al 2020), more than 60% of the family diversity is restricted the tropics (Text S1; Table S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decolonizing Psocopteran Systematics: Holarctic Lineages Cannot Inform Diversity and Evolution in Tropics

Sarria-Rodríguez

Obando

Rivera-Franco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Despite tropical psocids comprise ~60% of species diversity within the Psocidae (Insecta, Psocodea), previous studies on the Psocidae phylogeny have poorly sampled tropical species (<40% species in trees). Here we discuss the evolution and systematics of the Psocidae based on the most comprehensive species-level sampling of the Psocidae. We sequenced and inferred the phylogenetic position of 43 previously unsampled Neotropical species from COI, H3, WNT, 18S, 16S, and 12S. Based on our phylogenies we found that Neotropical psocids are generally not closely related to morphologically similar taxa in the Holarctic region. Consequently, the monophyletic status for the major groups within Psocidae (subfamilies and tribes) is recovered only when Holarctic groups are sampled (7–10 of 11 higher-level groups are monophyletic) but violated when Neotropical species are included in the dataset (1 of 11 higher-level groups are monophyletic). Leveraging the largest phylogeny of the Psocidae, our study pinpoints the downfalls of simply extending taxonomic knowledge from lineages of a certain area to inform diversity and evolution of lineages in other regions.HighlightsTropical psocids comprise >60% of the extant family richnessPrevious phylogenies have undersampled Tropical psocidsHolarctic and Neotropical species are classified under the same morphological groupsHolarctic and Neotropical generally correspond to evolutionarily distinct lineagesPhylogenies based on Holarctic psocids poorly inform evolution in the Neotropics

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Section: Can Heavily-holarctic Sampled Phylogenies Predict the Phylogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolonizing Psocopteran Systematics: Holarctic Lineages Cannot Inform Diversity and Evolution in Tropics

Sarria-Rodríguez

Obando

Rivera-Franco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…One of the species (Speleketor irwini) is known to inhabit dried dead leaves of the desert fan palm (Washingtonia filifera). [39] However, dried dead leaves are widely utilized by many insects, and the environment inhabited by Speleketor is probably less oligotrophic. The quantitative analyses of their inhabiting environments and comparisons of their demands for nutritious semen will clarify the strength of the female-female competition for semen.…”

Section: Famine Increases Female Egoism-extremely Oligotrophic Cave Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Did a Female Penis Evolve in a Small Group of Cave Insects?

Yoshizawa

Ferreira

Lienhard³

et al. 2019

BioEssays

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The evolution of a female penis is an extremely rare event and is only known to have occurred in a tribe of small cave insects, Sensitibillini (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Prionoglarididae). The female penis, which is protrudable and inserted into the male vagina‐like cavity during copulation to receive semen, is thought to have evolved independently twice in this tribe, in the Brazilian Neotrogla and the African Afrotrogla. These findings strongly suggest that there are some factors unique to Sensitibillini that have facilitated female penis evolution. Here, several hypothetical factors are presented that may have enabled the evolution of the female penis in Sensitibillini. The female–female competition for nutritious semen, the oligotrophic environment, and the twin insemination slots with switching valve are considered to be the driving factors for female penis evolution. Additionally, the following factors are considered responsible for relaxing the constraint against female penis evolution: preexistence of the female‐above mating position, the elongated duct connecting the female pre‐penis with the sperm storage organ, and the small male genital cavity accepting the female genital tubercle bearing the opening of this duct. Understanding the factors enabling female penis evolution may also shed light on the evolution of the male penis.

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“…), are generally recognized as cave dwellers as well, but their connection with caves is not as tight as in Sensitibillini. For example, some Prionoglaris and Psyllipsocus have also been collected from small spaces or hollows of rocks (Lienhard ; Lienhard & Garcia Aldrete ), and Speleketor irwini is found on the skirts of dead leaves of the desert fan palm (Mockford ). Probably, the common ancestor of Sensitibillini also inhabited such environments and then the African and South American Sensitibillini changed their habitat to the carbonatic caves independently.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cave insects with sex‐reversed genitalia had their most recent common ancestor in West Gondwana (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae: Speleketorinae)

Yoshizawa

Lienhard

Yao

et al. 2019

Entomological Science

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The divergence date and ancestral distributional area of the psocid subfamily Speleketorinae, which includes taxa with reversed genitalia (female penis and male vagina of Afrotrogla and Neotrogla, tribe Sensitibillini), were estimated. The most basal divergence of the subfamily (between the North American Speleketor and the tribe Sensitibillini) was estimated to have occurred according to the separation between the North American continent and Gondwana, ca. 175 Ma. The most basal divergence of Sensitibillini (between African Afrotrogla + Sensitibilla and Brazilian Neotrogla) was estimated to have occurred according to the split of West Gondwana (separation between the African and South American continents), ca. 127 Ma. The biome of the ancestral distributional area of Sensitibillini (inland of West Gondwana) is believed to be arid to semi‐arid, which might strengthen the reversed sexual selection and then facilitate the origin of preadaptive features related to the evolution of a female penis. All extant Sensitibillini species inhabit carbonatic caves, but geological evidence suggested independent shifts of these genera to the carbonatic cave habitat in the Tertiary/Quaternary.

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North American Psocoptera

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Decolonizing Psocopteran Systematics: Holarctic Lineages Cannot Inform Diversity and Evolution in Tropics

Decolonizing Psocopteran Systematics: Holarctic Lineages Cannot Inform Diversity and Evolution in Tropics

Why Did a Female Penis Evolve in a Small Group of Cave Insects?

Cave insects with sex‐reversed genitalia had their most recent common ancestor in West Gondwana (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae: Speleketorinae)

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