North Atlantic temperature and pCO2 coupling in the early-middle Miocene

Super, J. R.; Thomas, Ellen; Pagani, Mark; Huber, Matthew; O'Brien, Charlotte L; Hull, Pincelli M.

doi:10.1130/g40228.1

Cited by 142 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The new SST record generated here for Site 1406A confirms that very warm waters, typical of today's tropical latitudes, extended through midlatitudes in the western North Atlantic during the Oligocene to early Miocene, as suggested by previous biomarker studies Super et al, 2018) as well as evidenced by Northern Hemisphere fossil flora records (Kotthoff et al, 2014;Larsson et al, 2006). Furthermore, our new data from both TEX 86 and U k′ 37 at the same site confirm similar temperature estimates.…”

Section: Surface Temperature Evolution On Newfoundland Bank and Relatsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A comparison of our new Site 1406A temperature record with other published temperatures from the North Atlantic shows a distinct lack of latitudinal temperature gradient (Figure ). TEX 86 temperatures from equatorial Site 925 (Zhang et al, ) are within the same range of those from subtropical Sites 1406A and DSDP Site 608 (Super et al, ; modern coordinates: 42°50.205′N, 23°05.250′W) in the Oligocene and early Miocene. Such gradient has been reduced back in the early Oligocene (Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…One late Eocene through Oligocene temperature record from

U_{37}^{k'}

in north Atlantic sediments suggests temperatures averaging 26 °C (Liu et al, ). The TEX 86 temperature proxy based upon glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) was used to reconstruct temperatures for the last 40 Myr in the tropical and high‐latitude North Atlantic Ocean (Super et al, ; Zhang et al, ). These high‐latitude North Atlantic TEX 86 temperatures are warmer than coeval

U_{37}^{k'}

‐derived temperatures from lower latitudes in the western equatorial Atlantic, and it is unclear if the difference was a real feature of Oligocene climate or a result of different proxies used in each site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene

Guitián

Phelps

Polissar

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Antarctic ice sheet margin extent and the sensitivity of benthic δ18O to orbital forcing have varied on million‐year timescales during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. However, few sea surface temperature (SST) records for this time interval exist to evaluate links between polar processes and mean temperature outside polar regions. Here, we present a new record of SST for the time interval 30 to 17 Ma derived from the long‐chain alkenone unsaturation ratio ( U37k′) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1406A in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Results confirm that warm temperatures from 24°C to over 30°C prevailed in midlatitudes in this time and suggest a transition from colder early‐middle Oligocene to warmer average conditions after 24.5 Ma. The global significance of this transition is highlighted by the coincidence with changes in the dominance from marine‐ to terrestrial‐terminating ice sheets in the Ross Sea around Antarctica. The longest continuous section of the record (20.6 to 26.6 Ma) contains multiple 2 million‐year cycles in SST, potentially paced by long obliquity modulation. Complex and temporally varying relationships are observed between North Atlantic SST and benthic δ18O in paired samples; significant covariation is only observed around the Oligocene‐Miocene transition, coincident with a lower average marine ice extent. These North Atlantic U37k′ temperature records provide a new context in which to examine the stability of climate and the Antarctic ice sheet during the Oligocene and early Miocene.

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Section: Surface Temperature Evolution On Newfoundland Bank and Relatsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…One late Eocene through Oligocene temperature record from

U_{37}^{k'}

U_{37}^{k'}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene

Guitián

Phelps

Polissar

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…The Miocene (23.1–5.3 Ma) was globally warm relative to today, despite broadly similar climatic boundary conditions, making it an ideal interval to test the importance of global (e.g., p CO 2 ) and regional (e.g., current patterns) drivers potentially responsible for warm climate states (e.g., Goldner et al, 2014). During the warmest part of the early‐middle Miocene (the Miocene Climate Optimum [MCO] 17–14.5 Ma), atmospheric CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) was around ~430 ppm and deep ocean temperatures, reflecting high‐latitude surface water conditions, were up to 8 °C warmer than modern (Pagani et al, 1999; Zhang et al, 2013; Cramer et al, 2011; Super et al, 2018). At that time, SSTs at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 608 in the midlatitude North Atlantic (43°N) were ~15 °C higher than modern, indicating that low‐latitude warmth extended further north than today (Super et al, 2018), although seasonal sea ice may have been present in the Arctic (St. John, 2008; O'Regan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MCO was terminated by global cooling of ~4 °C in the deep‐sea during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT; ~14.5 to 12.5 Ma), which coincided with ice sheet expansion in Antarctica (Shevenell et al, 2004, 2008; Holbourn et al, 2014) and declining atmospheric CO 2 levels (Pagani et al, 1999; Foster et al, 2012; Super et al, 2018). Perennial sea ice may have first formed in the Arctic at this time (Darby, 2008; Krylov et al, 2008; Kender & Kaminski, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miocene Evolution of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature

Super

Thomas

Pagani

et al. 2020

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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We reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 608 (42.836°N, 23.087°), north of the Azores Front, and Ocean Drilling Program Site 982 (57.516°N, 15.866°), under the North Atlantic Current, in order to track Miocene (23.1-5.3 Ma) development of North Atlantic surface waters. Mean annual SSTs from TEX 86 and U K′37 proxy estimates at both sites were 10-15°C higher than modern through the Miocene Climatic Optimum (17-14.5 Ma). During the global cooling of the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (~14.5-12.5 Ma), SSTs at midlatitude Site 608 cooled by~6°C, whereas high-latitude Site 982 cooled by only~2°C, resulting in an~4 Myr collapse of the SST gradient between the two sites. This regional pattern is inconsistent with an increased latitudinal surface temperature gradient, as generally associated with global cooling episodes linked to decreasing pCO 2 levels. Instead, the pattern is best explained by enhanced ocean heat transport into the high-latitude North Atlantic superimposed on the global cooling trend, probably due to enhanced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and/or a stronger North Atlantic Current. During global late Miocene cooling (~8-7 Ma), surface waters cooled bỹ 6°C at Site 982 while minimal change occurred at Site 608, reestablishing the North Atlantic SST gradient. The collapse and reemergence of the SST gradient between the middle-and high-latitude North Atlantic suggests that interaction between changes in regional ocean circulation and the global response to changes in greenhouse gas concentration was important in Miocene climate evolution.

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The Monterey Event and the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Babila

Foster

2021

Large Igneous Provinces

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The Columbia River Flood Basalts and the North Atlantic Igneous Province are two of the youngest Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and both are associated with perturbations of the global carbon-cycle. Here we explore the link between the emplacement and eruption of LIPs and their associated carbon-cycle and climatic responses. The emplacement of both LIPs are associated with two well-known climate events: the Monterey Carbon Isotope Excursion (MCIE; ~17-13.5 Ma) and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 Ma) characterized by a positive 1‰ and negative 3-5‰ carbon isotope excursion, respectively. Both are also associated with signifi cant global warming. However, despite these contrasting timescales and carbon isotope trends, boron-based proxy records indicate a similar surface ocean carbonate system response. In both cases, elevated LIP derived carbon dioxide emissions led to oceanic absorption of the carbon released causing a decline of surface ocean pH and an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon. We conclude that, although similar underlying carbon-cycle processes are at play during both events, their specific behavior is somewhat different as the magnitude, carbon emissions rate (slow vs. fast), and background climate state (icehouse vs. greenhouse) conspire to cause distinct carbon isotope expressions in the sedimentary record and variable climatic responses to each LIP emplacement.

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North Atlantic temperature and pCO2 coupling in the early-middle Miocene

Cited by 142 publications

References 41 publications

Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene

Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene

Miocene Evolution of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature

The Monterey Event and the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

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