North Korean Identity as a Challenge to East Asia’s Regional Order

Easley, Leif Eric

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0256-5_6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This is most probably derived from the historical legacies of the different countries. Japan is known for its post-WWII pacifist constitution (54); Romania is amid an ongoing instability concerning imperial claims due to the struggle between "East and West" (55,56); and the Swedish Armed Forces are perceived by some as having a credibility gap, due to low transparency and lack of communication with the public (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Societal Resilience—Cross-Sectional Study in Eight Countries

Bodas

Peleg

Stolero

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Civilian populations that are more prepared for emergencies are more resilient. Ample research has been carried out over the last three decades to identify the factors that contribute to public readiness to emergencies and disasters and enhance societal resilience. However, the analysis did not achieve an in-depth comprehension of the types of contributing factors, namely, contextual vs. target aspects. A cross-sectional study that explored attitudinal factors among civilian populations took place during the months of January–February 2021. Diverse representative samples (N ≥ 500 each) of adults from eight countries (Italy, Romania, Spain, France, Sweden, Norway, Israel, and Japan) were engaged. The primary outcomes of this study were individual and societal resilience as well as emergency preparedness. The results suggest that in most countries, levels of trust are relatively high for emergency services and health services, and relatively low for politicians. In the overall sample, the individual preparedness index, which delineates the compliance with general household adjustment recommendation for emergencies, averaged at 4.44 ± 2.05SD (out of 8). Some variability was observed between countries, with some countries (e.g., Spain, Norway, and Italy) reporting higher preparedness rates than others (e.g., Japan). In the overall sample, levels of individual resilience were mediocre. Multivariate analysis showed that the following variables are predictors of societal resilience: trust (β = 0.59), social norms and communality (β = 0.20), individual resilience (β = 0.05), individual preparedness (β = 0.04), risk awareness (β = 0.04), and age (β = 0.03). The results of this study show that there are commonalities and differences between societies across Europe and beyond concerning societal resilience at large, including preparedness, individual resilience, and risk perception. Despite socio-cultural driven differences, this study shows that societies share varied characteristics that may contribute toward a common model for assessing societal resilience and for explaining and predicting resilience and readiness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Societal Resilience—Cross-Sectional Study in Eight Countries

Bodas

Peleg

Stolero

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Pyongyang has other ways of appearing belligerent short of hostage‐taking or long‐range missile and nuclear tests. North Korean media accused the United States and South Korea of attempting to assassinate Kim Jong‐un, reflecting a siege mentality against external threats that aims to bolster regime legitimacy and justify domestic political crackdowns (Easley 2017b). The DPRK marked its eternal leader Kim Il‐sung's birthday and its military foundation day with an intermediate‐range ballistic missile test and large‐scale artillery drill.…”

Section: Military and Nonmilitary Options On The Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

FROM STRATEGIC PATIENCE TO STRATEGIC UNCERTAINTY: Trump, North Korea, and South Korea's New President

Easley

2017

World Affairs

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The Trump administration declared the Obama-era "strategic patience" toward North Korea a failure. As President Trump extols unpredictability as a virtue, the new U.S. policy of "maximum pressure and engagement" has become a factor of strategic uncertainty in Northeast Asia. However, the instrumental use of uncertainty has a narrow window of opportunity for frustrating North Korea's nuclear missile development and raising international expectations for China holding Pyongyang accountable. This article considers the prospects of the United States in leveraging "all options on the table" while recognizing the contradictions in China's role and in South Korea's domestic politics.

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The Hobbled Peacemaker: America’s Inability to Satisfy North Korea

Hahn

Harris

2022

The International Spectator

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North Korean Identity as a Challenge to East Asia’s Regional Order

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding Societal Resilience—Cross-Sectional Study in Eight Countries

Understanding Societal Resilience—Cross-Sectional Study in Eight Countries

FROM STRATEGIC PATIENCE TO STRATEGIC UNCERTAINTY: Trump, North Korea, and South Korea's New President

The Hobbled Peacemaker: America’s Inability to Satisfy North Korea

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