Nose profile morphology and accuracy study of nose profile estimation method in Scottish subadult and Indonesian adult populations

Abstract

This study investigated nose profile morphology and its relationship to the skull in Scottish subadult and Indonesian adult populations, with the aim of improving the accuracy of forensic craniofacial reconstruction. Samples of 86 lateral head cephalograms from Dundee Dental School (mean age, 11.8 years) and 335 lateral head cephalograms from the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia (mean age 24.2 years), were measured. The method of nose profile estimation based on skull morphology previously proposed by Rynn and colleagues in 2010 (FSMP 6:20–34) was tested in this study. Following this method, three nasal aperture-related craniometrics and six nose profile dimensions were measured from the cephalograms. To assess the accuracy of the method, six nose profile dimensions were estimated from the three craniometric parameters using the published method and then compared to the actual nose profile dimensions.In the Scottish subadult population, no sexual dimorphism was evident in the measured dimensions. In contrast, sexual dimorphism of the Indonesian adult population was evident in all craniometric and nose profile dimensions; notably, males exhibited statistically significant larger values than females. The published method by Rynn and colleagues (FSMP 6:20–34, 2010) performed better in the Scottish subadult population (mean difference of maximum, 2.35 mm) compared to the Indonesian adult population (mean difference of maximum, 5.42 mm in males and 4.89 mm in females).In addition, regression formulae were derived to estimate nose profile dimensions based on the craniometric measurements for the Indonesian adult population. The published method is not sufficiently accurate for use on the Indonesian population, so the derived method should be used. The accuracy of the published method by Rynn and colleagues (FSMP 6:20–34, 2010) was sufficiently reliable to be applied in Scottish subadult population.

Prediction of nasal morphology in facial reconstruction: Validation and recalibration of the Rynn method

“…Sarilita et al [35] and Utsuno et al [36] was based on different East Asia populations and suggested mostly an overestimated of nasal dimension. Mala [16] and the current study both suggested mostly underestimation of nasal dimensions.…”

“…smaller ranges when compared to the European male subjects. Sarilita et al [35] compared the Rynn et al [13] method to an Indonesian population; their results indicated that all measurements were statistically different in both sexes, most measurements (ProAnt, ProFHP, Nasal Length, Nasal Height and Nasal Depth) were overestimated, and ProVert was underestimated.…”

“…CT scans have allowed comparisons between hard and soft tissues of the nose. The method proposed by Rynn et al [13] had been tested on other populations, and the accuracy varies between populations [16,35,36]. This study measured all 6 regression equations on CT scans of a Turkish population to see if Rynn et al's [13] method is applicable when used on a different population and if necessary to revise the formulae for this population.…”

Craniofacial Reconstruction in Mummy Studies

“…Numerous methods exist for estimating facial components, including anthropometrical and morphological analysis of the skull. Recently, several studies have been published pertaining to reconstruction of the eyes (Kim et al 2016;Özer et al 2016;Dorfling et al 2018), nose (Strapasson et al 2017;Sarilita et al 2018;Utsuno et al 2018;Bulut et al 2019), and lips (Dias et al 2016;Zednikova Mala and Veleminska 2016). Furthermore, numerous average FSTT datasets have been compiled based on living subjects using a wide range of medical imaging equipment (Drgáčová et al 2016;Parks et al 2017;Sandamini et al 2018;Ayoub et al 2019).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Landmark-based homologous multi-point warping approach to 3D facial recognition using multiple datasets (v0.1)"

“…For instance, significant differences in the symmetric shape component in the nasal region between German and Chinese populations were identified by Schlager and Rüdell (2015), using a dense set of semi-landmarks. An investigation of nose profile morphology in Scottish and Indonesian populations was also carried out by Sarilita et al (2018), with the aim of improving the accuracy of forensic craniofacial reconstruction. The soft-tissue facial form of high-resolution 3D images of Han Chinese, Tibetan, Uyghur and European people was analyzed by Guo et al (2014).…”