Notational Analysis and Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Male Junior Badminton Match Play

Abstract

We examined the game characteristics of badminton and the physiological and metabolic responses in highly trained male junior players. Players from a Badminton England accredited Performance Centre (n = 10, age: 14.0 ± 1.2 y, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 59.1 ± 5.0 kg) completed a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max: 64 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) and a simulated ability-matched competitive singles badminton game consisting of two 12-min games with a 2-min break wearing the COSMED K5 metabolic system with notational analysis. In five games, 427 points were contested with a rally time of 5.7 ± 3.7 s, a rest time of 11.2 ± 5.9 s, shots per rally of 5.6 ± 3.6, work density of 0.50 ± 0.21, an effective playing time of 32.3 ± 8.4%, and shots frequency of 1.04 ± 0.29. During badminton play, heart rate was 151 ± 12 b·min−1 (82 ± 10% of maximum heart rate), oxygen uptake was 39.2 ± 3.9 mL·kg−1·min−1 (62 ± 7% of V˙O2max), and energy expenditure was 11.2 ± 1.1 kcal·min−1 with a post-game blood lactate of 3.33 ± 0.83 mmol·L−1. Compared to adult badminton play, the physiological responses of junior badminton are lower and may be due to the shorter rally durations. Male junior badminton players should be exposed to training methodologies which include rally durations in excess of what they encounter during match play so as to develop greater consistency. Our observations on game characteristics and physiological responses during junior badminton can be used to inform training practice.

Difference in badminton‐specific endurance evaluated by a newly developed on‐court test between competitive levels: A pilot study of female players

“…Therefore, it would be difficult to find time for all‐out tests developed in previous studies (Abián‐Vicén et al., 2021 ; Chin et al., 1995 ; Madsen et al., 2016 ). This study showed that BLa increased to 3.0–4.6 mM in ranked players at stage 2 (similar tempo with Singles match) of the badminton‐specific endurance test, which is similar to BLa in badminton matches (Faude et al., 2007 ; Fernandez‐Fernandez et al., 2013 ; Green et al., 2023 ). Therefore, badminton players do not need to perform an all‐out test and need less than 10 min to determine their badminton‐specific endurance by performing only stage 2 of our protocol.…”

“…However, badminton players appear to rest for less than double the rally time when playing longer rallies (e.g., 20 s; unpublished observation), meaning that the work:rest ratio of the badminton‐specific endurance test in this study could be similar to that of badminton games. Indeed, BLa was 3.0–4.6 mM in ranked players at stage 2 (similar tempo with Singles match) of the badminton‐specific endurance test, while that was 1.9–4.3 mM in badminton games (Faude et al., 2007 ; Fernandez‐Fernandez et al., 2013 ; Green et al., 2023 ). Therefore, our test seems to reflect endurance in badminton games well, even though it is slightly different in the work:rest ratio and lack of hitting action.…”

“…After self‐warm‐ups, each participant performed the step exercise test, which consisted of three levels of steps (10.8, 12.6, and 14.4 km·h −1 of running velocity) with no slope angle (0%). The reasons for selecting these running velocities were that BLa was approximately 2–5 mM in elite female badminton players (unpublished observation), and these BLa values were similar to badminton games (1.9–4.3 mM; Faude et al., 2007 ; Fernandez‐Fernandez et al., 2013 ; Green et al., 2023 ). The duration of each step and the rest time between steps were 3 and 1 min, respectively.…”

“…Previous studies adopted continuous exercises (e.g., 3 min of badminton‐specific exercise with a rest of 45 s and a work:rest ratio of 4:1 or 30–12 s of badminton‐specific exercise with a rest of 10 s and a work:rest ratio of approximately 3:1–1:1) with all‐out efforts in their on‐court endurance tests (Abián‐Vicén et al., 2021 ; Chin et al., 1995 ; Madsen et al., 2016 ). However, badminton games have been characterized as submaximal load, such as 54%–80% of peak oxygen uptake and 1.9–4.3 mM for BLa (Faude et al., 2007 ; Fernandez‐Fernandez et al., 2013 ; Green et al., 2023 ), and intermittent exercises (Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015 ), such as 4.8–10.4 s of rally duration with rest of 8.1–26.7 s (i.e., work: rest ratio is approximately 1:2; Abdullahi & Coetzee, 2017 ; Gawin et al., 2015 ). As the exercise load and/or work:rest ratio affect energy metabolism during interval exercise (Gosselin et al., 2012 ; Nicolo et al., 2014 ), a badminton‐specific endurance test that simulates the actual game conditions should be developed.…”

Exploration of The Traditional Game of Galah Hadang: Does it Effect The Concentration, Agility and Endurance of Early Age Badminton Players?

“…Badminton is a sport that must think very quickly during the game and make the necessary movements techniques that are important to be able to hit the shuttelcock to the target or targets and badminton is a game that requires agility and balance in reaching the shuttelcock (Green et al, 2023;Marpaung & Manihuruk, 2022). The movement in badminton is to reach the shuttlecock by stepping as fast as possible while continuing to maintain good balance and keep the body under control (Sepdanius et al, 2018).…”