Note: Flight capacity, parasitism and emergence of fiveTrichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species from forest areas in Brazil

Refrigerated Eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) Added to Aggregation Pheromone Traps Increase Field Parasitism in Soybean

“…Emergence of Trichogrammatidae parasitoids per parasitized egg in our experiments (1.0006 ± 0.0002) was low compared with reports by Andrade et al (2011) (Oliveira et al 2000;Soares et al 2007). Larger eggs are the most important factor involved in allowing the emergence of more individuals per host (Andrade et al 2011).…”

“…El experimento tuvo un diseño factorial con 10 especies de parasitoides, 9 periodos de almacenamiento (5,10,15,20,25,30,35 (Pires et al 2011;Soares et al 2011Soares et al , 2012Bueno et al 2012). Parasitoids of the family Trichogrammatidae can suppress populations of agricultural and forest pests, and reduce the excessive use of insecticides (Soares et al 2007;Oliveira et al 2011;Goulart et al 2012). Development of large scale production and release technologies for these natural enemies is necessary (van Lenteren 2012).…”

Quality Control of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) adults reared under laboratory conditions

“…This was determined for two strains of T. brassicae (Bezdenko) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) after two and 39 generations in the laboratory on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs (Dutton and Bigler 1995) (Prasad et al 1999). The flight capacity of five Trichogramma species collected in eucalypt plantations was determined and T. maxacalii (Voegelé and Pointel) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) showed the best flying ability (Soares et al 2007). Furthermore, rearing for successive generations can affect the ability to locate and to parasitize and parasitoid emergence of Trichogramma spp.…”

Mortality of the defoliator Euselasia eucerus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) by biotic factors in an Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

“…The importance of each natural enemy species on the biological control of insect pests can be estimated by evaluating their attack rate , b, Landis et al 2000, Kean et al 2003, Thies et al 2003, Soares et al 2007). However, sampling after parasitoid releases to determine the percentage of individuals attacked may not be adequate to estimate parasitism rate (van Driesche et al 1991, Pastori et al 2007).…”