Notes on the canker fungus (Nectria galligena Bres.)

Weston, W. A. R. Dillon

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(27)80029-x

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Postharvest rot infection is commonly initiated within 2–4 weeks before harvest, when the fruit are gradually maturing and more susceptible to fungal infection (Xu & Robinson, 2010). These reports of Dillon Weston (1927), Alves and Nunes (2017) and Gelain et al (2020) are consistent with the epidemiological observations in the present study, proving the pathogenicity of N . ditissima isolated from mummified fruit harbouring sporodochia and perithecia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The characteristics of N . ditissima spores detected in mummified fruit were consistent with those reported in the literature (Campos et al, 2017; Chaverri et al, 2011; Dillon Weston, 1927; Ogawa & English, 1991; Weber, 2014). The identification of N .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The possible hypotheses to explain the perithecia production in apple fruit are (a) some free spores on cankers may have rested on these apples left in the orchard, and later the fungus developed and fructified in these fruit; (b) the mycelium had grown through the spur and petiole in the mummified fruit and had sporulated there, eventually producing the perithecial stage of the fungus; or (c) the apple itself was at an earlier date infected with N . ditissima , the pathogen developed in the apple while it was attached to the tree, and when left in the orchard or taken to the laboratory under more advantageous conditions to the disease, the final stage of the fungus was then produced (Dillon Weston, 1927).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ditissima on apple fruit in the orchard. Nearly 100 years ago, Dillon Weston (1927) reported finding N . ditissima (then N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…galligena ) perithecia on shrivelled fruit of the dessert apple cultivar Worcester Pearmain in an orchard in southern England; of 700 fruit collected in the spring, only three were found to bear perithecia at the time of collection, although more developed perithecia after incubation in moist conditions. Dillon Weston (1927) isolated the pathogen from ascospores obtained from perithecia on shrivelled fruit, inoculated a seedling apple tree and showed that it produced canker lesions. The significance of perithecial formation on mummified fruit does not appear to have been investigated subsequently, although Swinburne (1964) found that naturally infected Bramley's Seedling apple fruit, partially buried in moist peat and left outside during the winter, developed perithecia with mature asci of N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Viability and release of Neonectria ditissima ascospores on apple fruit in Brazil

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During European canker monitoring in an apple experimental orchard, 14 mummified fruit (two and three trees with 10 and four positive records in 2018 and 2019, respectively) showed perithecia. Perithecium production on apple fruit, confirmation of pathogenicity of Neonectria ditissima isolated from mummified fruit, and ascospore release from fruit tissues has rarely been reported, and their role in the epidemiology of European canker has been largely overlooked. Thus, the objectives of our study were to (a) prove the presence of both conidia and ascospores of N. ditissima in mummified fruit in an experimental field, confirming pathogenesis in different apple cultivars, and (b) monitor production of the two types of inoculum in infected apple fruit over time. Canker incidence in this orchard was 47% of trees with symptoms in 2018 and 48% in 2019. Molecular and morphological tests confirmed that the fungus detected in the mummified apple fruit was N. ditissima. Apple fruit with sporodochia and perithecia washed immediately after collection from the orchard showed conidia but no ascospores of N. ditissima. However, after 4 days’ incubation, perithecia on mummified fruit showed many ascospore cirri. Koch's postulates were fulfilled on apple plants and mature fruit. Fruit inoculated with N. ditissima released spores for over a year under Brazilian field conditions. The release of both spore types peaked in May (Brazilian leaf fall) and October (spring); release of conidia also peaked in February (early harvest). These results support our hypothesis that fruit can serve as primary inoculum for European canker in Brazilian apple orchards.

show abstract