Notes: Revised Taxonomy of the Class Mollicutes: Proposed Elevation of a Monophyletic Cluster of Arthropod-Associated Mollicutes to Ordinal Rank (Entomoplasmatales ord. nov.), with Provision for Familial Rank To Separate Species with Nonhelical Morphology (Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov.) from Helical Species (Spiroplasmataceae), and Emended Descriptions of the Order Mycoplasmatales, Family Mycoplasmataceae

Tully, Joseph G.; Bové, Joseph M.; Laigret, Frédéric; Whitcomb, R. F.

doi:10.1099/00207713-43-2-378

Cited by 118 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Mycoplasmatales are wall-less bacterial cells with a wide morphological spectrum (from rod to coccoid) (Tully et al, 1993;Wang et al, 2004) that make their visual identification challenging. The use of the Myco378-1 probe revealed for the first time their morphology in both Rimicaris spp.…”

Section: Distribution Of Mycoplasmatales and Deferribacteres In The D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy and Symbiosis of the Digestive System of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris Exoculata and Rimicaris Chacei Revealed Through Imaging Approaches

et al. 2022

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The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei are visually dominant fauna co-occurring at deep-sea hydrothermal sites of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Their co-existence was related to contrasted life-history traits, including differences in their diet and reliance on chemoautotrophic symbionts at the adult stage. Both species of shrimp are colonized by diversified chemosynthetic symbiotic microbial communities in their cephalothoracic cavity. Symbiotic association with bacteria was also evidenced in their digestive system, and the major lineages were identified through sequencing (with Mycoplasmatales in the foregut and Deferribacteres in the midgut) but their precise distribution within each host species was not assessed. For the first time, we used Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) to visualize these lineages and describe their association with digestive structures of their host. The aim of the study was to identify possible differences between host species that could be related to their different life-history traits. For this purpose, we developed new specific FISH probes targeting Deferribacteres and Mycoplasmatales lineages identified in the digestive system of these shrimp. Our FISH results showed a partitioning of the bacterial lineages according to the digestive organ corroborating sequencing data, and highlighted their association with specific anatomical structures. Despite morphological differences between the foreguts of R. exoculata and R. chacei that could be related to the adult diet, our FISH results showed overall similar distribution of digestive symbionts for the two host species. However, a more comprehensive study is needed with specimens at different life or molt stages to reveal potential host specific patterns. Such comparisons are now possible thanks to our newly designed FISH probes. The tools used in our study are valuable for tracking symbiont lineages in the environment, allowing a better understanding of their relationship with their host along its life cycle, including their acquisition mechanisms.

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Section: Distribution Of Mycoplasmatales and Deferribacteres In The D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The location of the Mycoplasmatales is still unclear. Mycoplasmatales are heterotrophic wall-less bacterial cells usually having a reduced genome (Tully et al, 1993). The closest relatives of Rimicaris spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and Symbiosis of the Digestive System of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris Exoculata and Rimicaris Chacei Revealed Through Imaging Approaches

et al. 2022

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“…Previous work has established the existence of four orders within the class Mollicutes (Krieg et al , 2010). Whilst not being expressed explicitly, microbial habitat is a de facto property separating the four orders established previously (Razin, 1992), viz., Mycoplasmatales (Freundt, 1955; Edward & Freundt, 1967; Tully et al , 1993), Acholeplasmatales (Freundt et al , 1984), Anaeroplasmatales (Robinson & Freundt, 1987) and Entomoplasmatales (Tully et al , 1993). In contrast to the habitats implicit in descriptions of established orders, phytoplasmas inhabit a highly specialized dual niche, in which they are limited to the phloem sieve elements of infected plants and to the bodies of specialized phloem-feeding insects during the plant-to-plant transmission phase of the phytoplasmal life cycle ().…”

Section: Habitat Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the history of mollicutes systematics, requirement vs non-requirement for sterol in axenic culture media has been an important criterion used to distinguish between taxonomic categories within the class Mollicutes . While this criterion of exogenous sterol-dependence was initially used to differentiate taxa at the generic level ( Acholeplasma vs Mycoplasma ; Edward & Freundt, 1970), it eventually became a determining factor for separating mollicutes at the ordinal level ( Acholeplasmatales vs Mycoplasmatales and Entomoplasmas; Freundt et al , 1984; Tully et al , 1993). As implicated by its name, the order Acholeplasmatales encompasses only species that can grow in sterol-free media.…”

Section: Distinguishing Nutritional Biochemical Physiological and Architectural Genomic Characteristics Inferred From Genomic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Should ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ be retained within the order Acholeplasmatales?

Zhao

Davis

Wei

et al. 2015

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Phytoplasmas are a diverse but phylogenetically coherent group of cell-wall-less bacteria affiliated with the class Mollicutes. Due to difficulties in establishing axenic culture, phytoplasmas were assigned to a provisional genus, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', and the genus was embraced within the order Acholeplasmatales. However, phytoplasmas differ significantly from species of the genus Acholeplasma in their habitat specificities, modes of life, metabolic capabilities, genomic architectures, and phylogenetic positions. This communication describes the unique ecological, nutritional, biochemical, genomic and phylogenetic properties that distinguish phytoplasmas from species of the genus Acholeplasma and all other taxa in the class Mollicutes. Since such distinguishing properties of the phytoplasmas are not referable to the descriptions of the order Acholeplasmatales and of all other existing orders, namely Mycoplasmatales, Entomoplasmatales and Anaeroplasmatales, this communication raises the question of whether 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' should be retained in the order Acholeplasmatales or whether a novel provisional order and family should be created to accommodate the genus 'Ca. Phytoplasma'.

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“…Almost all other members of the class Mollicutes are symbionts that associate with a wide diversity of plant, fungal, and animal host species including humans (Ing-Ming Lee et al 2000;Tully et al 1993). Many members are well-studied parasites (Atkinson 2018), while some are unclear such as the ubiquitous endocellular symbionts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, an ancient association that dates back to the era when plants first colonized the land (Bonfante and Desirò 2017;Desiro et al 2015;Kuga et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel family of marine bacteria, Oceanoplasmataceae, with severely reduced genomes

Vohsen

Gruber‐Vodicka

Meyer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In addition to abundant animal communities, corals from all ocean depths support diverse microbial associates that are important to coral health. While some of these microbes have been classified taxonomically, understanding the metabolic potential of coral-associated bacteria and how they interact with their coral hosts is limited by a lack of genomic data. One example is Mycoplasma and other members of the class Mollicutes which are widespread coral associates. Here we investigated the association between two novel members of the class Mollicutes and the deep-sea octocoral Callogorgia delta. We screened C. delta, a closely related species C. americana, sediment, and water for mollicutes using 16S metabarcoding. One ASV was found in most colonies screened (99/108) and often dominated the microbiome (up to 99%). Another ASV was detected at lower abundance and prevalence in these corals. Both were absent in all water and were absent or rare in the sediment. We sequenced metagenomes and metatranscriptomes to assemble and annotate genomes and propose the names Ca. Oceanoplasma callogorgiae and Ca. Thalassoplasma callogorgiae. The genomes were small, revealed a reliance on the arginine dihydrolase pathway for ATP production, and contained CRISPR-Cas systems with extensive arrays. CARD-FISH microscopy unveiled an abundant bacterium in the mesoglea which is likely to be Ca. O. callogorgiae. These novel mollicutes cluster with others from diverse invertebrate hosts. Altogether, this work describes the association of these novel mollicutes in C. delta, provides insight into widespread coral associates, and identifies a novel clade of marine mollicutes whose diversity remains largely undiscovered.

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Cited by 118 publications

References 22 publications

Anatomy and Symbiosis of the Digestive System of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris Exoculata and Rimicaris Chacei Revealed Through Imaging Approaches

Anatomy and Symbiosis of the Digestive System of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris Exoculata and Rimicaris Chacei Revealed Through Imaging Approaches

Should ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ be retained within the order Acholeplasmatales?

Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel family of marine bacteria, Oceanoplasmataceae, with severely reduced genomes

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