Novel adsorptive ultrafiltration membranes derived from polyvinyltetrazole-co-polyacrylonitrile for Cu(II) ions removal

Abstract

Novel adsorptive ultrafiltration membranes were manufactured from synthesized polyvinyltetrazole−co−polyacrylonitrile (PVT−co−PAN) by nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS). PVT−co−PAN with various degree of functionalization (DF) was synthesized via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction at 60 o C using a commercial PAN. PVT−co−PAN with varied DF was then explored to prepare adsorptive membranes. The membranes were characterized by surface zeta potential and static water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. It was shown that PVT segments contributed to alter the pore size, charge and hydrophilic behavior of the membranes. The membranes became more negatively charged and hydrophilic after addition of PVT segments. The PVT segments in the membranes served as the major binding sites for adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption of Cu(II) ions by the membranes in static condition and in a continuous ultrafiltration of 10 ppm solution was attained at pH = 5. The adsorption data suggest that the Freundlich isotherm model describes well Cu(II) ions adsorption 2 on the membranes from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity obtained from the Freundlich isotherm model was 44.3 mg g −1 ; this value is higher than other membrane adsorption data reported in the literature. Overall, the membranes fabricated from PVT−co−PAN are attractive for efficient removal of heavy metal ions under the optimized conditions.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)–polyacrylonitrile blend flat‐sheet membranes reinforced with carbon nanotubes for wastewater treatment

“…The issue of water pollution is becoming increasingly serious throughout the world. Industrial wastewater is a major source of water pollution because it contains organic contaminants, such as benzene, toluene, and arsenic, or heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) . Membrane‐separation technologies, such as ultrafiltration, are the most common method for industrial wastewater treatment, not only because they are environmentally friendly but also because of their wide applicability .…”

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is also a common microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane material by virtue of its chemical stability, thermal stability, low cost, and tolerance to organic solvents . The molecular structures of PVDF and PAN are shown in Figure .…”

Removal of molybdate and vanadate ions by a copolymer adsorbent in a ultrafiltration system

“…Within the current technologies for the removal of metal ions, membrane technologies (electrodialysis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and polymer‐assisted ultrafiltration [PAUF] ) are common. In addition, solid–liquid separation techniques are used to remove pollutants.…”

Facile one-pot synthesis and self-healing properties of tetrazole-based metallopolymers in the presence of iron salts

“…Polyvinyltetrazoles (PVTs) [30][31][32] and its derivatives have attracted broad attention because of their interesting properties (high thermostability, biological activity and good solubility) and wide applications (polyelectrolytes, distinctive complex, dynamite and biocompatible material). However, the vinyltetrazole 33 is not a common monomer for commercial source because of the difficult synthesis.…”

“…By using simple and efficient synthesis, the cyano groups in PAN can react with sodium azide (NaN 3 ) to prepare PVT [30][31][32]37,38 with various molecular weights. Matyjaszewski et al 39 reported welldened PAN and PAN-co-PSt prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).…”