Novel aryl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Phenylphenanthrene and phenylanthracene identification, occurrence and distribution in sedimentary rocks

Phenyl derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds as indicators of hydrothermal activity in the Silurian black siliceous shales of the Bardzkie Mountains, Poland

“…Based on the knowledge about the natural occurrence of PhPACs and their formation processes during oxidative pyrolysis of coal and coal-derived materials (Marynowski et al, 2004;Meyer zu Reckendorf, 1997, 2000, as well as chemical decarboxylation and oxidation of hard coals (Stock and Obeng, 1997), it is believed that their origin is connected with freeradical OM phenylation reactions. Moreover, ionic versus free-radical phenylation experiments confirmed the formation of these compound groups according to the latter process (Rospondek et al, 2007(Rospondek et al, , 2009). In natural sedimentary rock systems, such processes could occur by hydrothermal fluid interaction with OM and concomitant free radical incorporation of phenyl-or naphthyl-groups to kerogen (see Marynowski et al, 2002;Rospondek et al, 2009).…”

“…Moreover, ionic versus free-radical phenylation experiments confirmed the formation of these compound groups according to the latter process (Rospondek et al, 2007(Rospondek et al, , 2009). In natural sedimentary rock systems, such processes could occur by hydrothermal fluid interaction with OM and concomitant free radical incorporation of phenyl-or naphthyl-groups to kerogen (see Marynowski et al, 2002;Rospondek et al, 2009).…”

“…These compounds have only been identified in some specific source rocks, solid bitumen, bituminous coals and hydrothermal petroleum (Li et al, 2012;Marynowski et al, 2001Marynowski et al, , 2002Polissar et al, 2011;Püttmann et al, 1990;Serebrennikova et al, 2003;White and Lee, 1980;Willsch and Radke, 1995;Zhang et al, 2013), while there is no evidence to confirm their occurrence in crude oils or condensates. Detailed characteristics of PhPACs from the Permian Kupferschiefer of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland, and the Devonian carbonates and shales of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland were reported by Marynowski et al (2001Marynowski et al ( , 2002 and Rospondek et al (2007Rospondek et al ( , 2009). These authors identified numerous groups of phenyl-and naphthyl-PAC derivatives, including: phenylnaphthalenes, terphenyls, phenylphenanthrenes, phenyl-and diphenylbenzo [b]thiophenes, phenyldibenzothiophenes, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, naphthylbenzo [b]thiophenes, phenyldibenzofurans, and tentatively identified phenyltriphenylenes, quater-, quinque-and sexiphenyls.…”

“…The oldest PhPACs-bearing sedimentary rocks described so far are from the Middle Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Marynowski et al, 2001(Marynowski et al, , 2002Rospondek et al, 2007Rospondek et al, , 2009). However, due to the formation of PhPACs during secondary, late diagenetic processes, the occurrence of these compounds is expected in sedimentary rocks of different ages and lithologies.…”

Effects of sulfide minerals on aromatic maturity parameters: Laboratory investigation using micro-scale sealed vessel pyrolysis

“…Larger PAHs with four or more aromatic rings are not generally used in maturity parameters, although they may be produced by burial metamorphism (Brocks et al, 2003) and have been detected in high abundances in submarine hydrothermal petroleum (Kawka and Simoneit, 1990;Simoneit, 1994;Simoneit et al, 2004). PAHs have been detected in a range of ore deposits including sediment-hosted lead-zinc (Chen et al, 2003;Williford et al, 2011), mercury (Blumer, 1975;Wise et al, 1986), copper-silver (Püttmann et al, 1989;Rospondek et al, 2007Rospondek et al, , 2009) and stratabound copper sulfide (Rieger et al, 2008). Micro-scale sealed vessel pyrolysis (MSSVpy) is a closed system pyrolysis technique in which relatively small (mg) amounts of organic material are heated in a sealed glass tube.…”