Novel biodegradable flocculanting agents based on pullulan

Gum ghatti and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) based biodegradable hydrogel-evaluation of the flocculation and adsorption properties

“…This type of the flocculation behaviour w.r.t. the change in the polymer dose can be explained on the basis of the formation of particle-polymer-particle complexes between the clay particles and the hydrogel polymer, where the hydrogel polymer acted as a bridge between different suspended clay particles [1,4,22]. According to this theory, the clay particles attach to the different functional groups of the hydrogel polymers as soon as they come into contact with the hydrogel polymer and form the extended polymer chain.…”

“…The ability of polyelectrolytes to interact with the particles having opposite charges makes them very important in flocculation (stabilizing/destabilizing) processes in aqueous colloidal dispersions [1]. Flocculation is a very important process for the purification of industrial and domestic wastewater, paper making and thickening of sludges [2].…”

“…Flocculants can be either inorganic additives known as coagulants (e.g., aluminium sulfate and ferric chloride) or macromolecular compounds. Flocculants based on the macromolecular compounds were preferred over inorganic additives because of the several advantages: (a) they can be easily tailored according to the requirement of the end use; (b) as compared to the inorganic additives very little amount is needed; (c) they require very short settling time and (d) they have better floc properties [1,2,9,10]. Polymer-based flocculants can also be divided further into synthetic and natural flocculants.…”

Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications

“…74 Apart from DMC, monomers such as N-vinyl formamide (NVF), and dimethyl acryloyloxyethyl benzyl ammonium chloride were grafted onto chitosan to develop cationic polymers 47 and 48, respectively. 75,76 Cationic moieties such as N-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, 3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, 3-methacryloylaminopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, NVF and DMC were used in modification of many different polysaccharides, including guar gum (49), 77 carboxymethyl guar gum (50), 17 salep (51), 78 corn cob (52), 79,80 glycogen (53), 81 amylopectin (54), 82 dextran (55), 83 pullulan (56), 84 inulin (57), 85 xylan (58), 86 and tamarind kernel polysaccharide (59). 87 …”

Efficient delivery of paclitaxel into ASGPR over-expressed cancer cells using reversibly stabilized multifunctional pullulan nanoparticles

“…These -smart‖ NPs were designed based on the following considerations: (i) Pullulan is a well-known neutral polysaccharide and has a history of use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its excellent biological and physicochemical features, namely biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, non-mutagenicity, non-toxicity and non-carcinogenicity, especially its water solubility and low viscosity, this polymer has become an attractive option for many pharmaceutical applications and chemical manipulations (Ambattu & Rekha, 2015;Belbekhouche, Ali, Dulong, Picton & Le Cerf, 2011;Ghimici, Constantin & Fundueanu, 2010;Shingel, 2004;Wang, Cui, Bao, Xing & Hao, 2014;Wang, Dou & Bao, 2014). (ii) Pullulan exhibits extremely high flexibility in aqueous solutions and has inherent liver affinity as the substrate of ASGPR (Kaneo, Tanaka, Nakano & Yamaguchi, 2001;Kang, Tachibana, Kamata, Mahara, Harada-Shiba & Yamaoka, 2010;Rekha & Sharma, 2011;Wu, Zou, Deng, Cheng, Meng & Zhong, 2013;Yang, Niu, Zhao, Mao & Xu, 2014).…”