Novel Cold Cure Acrylic Denture Base with Recycled Zirconia Nano-Fillers That Were Functionalized by HEMA Agent Incorporation: Using the Sprinkle Approach

Abstract

Background Though acrylic resins possess many useful properties, denture fracture is nevertheless a familiar issue. Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of low-percent recycled Zirconia nanoparticles as filler on the transverse strength, impact strength, surface hardness, water sorption, and solubility of resin using the sprinkle cold-curing technique. Materials and Methods Various formulae were prepared and mixed with PMMA (polymer) powder containing varying percentages (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) of recycled ZrO2NPs to mono-methyl methacrylate (MMA monomer). A 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) agent was used to functionalize recycled zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nano-fillers. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the samples. For mechanical tests, standard metallic moulds (according to American Dental Association specification no. 27) were machined for 60 specimens’ preparation, 12 for each percent (zero, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%). A one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the five groups for parametric data, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed for nonparametric data. The P 0.05 value was accepted as the significance level. All formulae were tested for cytotoxicity at 24 and 48 hours on WI38 normal lung cell lines. Results The XRD analysis demonstrated the tetragonal crystallographic structure of the recycled zirconia nanoparticles. Incorporating a low percentage of recycled ZrO 2 nanoparticles (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) improved the tested properties of PMMA to different degrees in a significant and non-significant pattern, while the optimal tested percent was 0.3%. Conclusion The 0.3% percentage of recycled zirconia nanoparticles maintained and improved the physical and mechanical properties of acrylic resin. Recycled ZrO 2 /PMMA nanocomposite is a synergistic candidate due to its economic return and clinical application safety.

Peridynamic assessment of mechanical and thermal characteristics of a defected PMMA/HA composite beam

“…The self‐curing acrylic resin serves as the base material for acrylic prostheses and forms the matrix of the PMMA. The powders were blended within an insulated container, and the self‐curing resin was added to the mixture 22 . The resulting material was then poured into aluminum molds.…”

“…The powders were blended within an insulated container, and the self-curing resin was added to the mixture. 22 The resulting material was then poured into aluminum molds. After drying at room temperature under standard conditions, the desired composite was obtained.…”

Current prospect of dental zirconia recycling: A scoping review

“…Ten studies focused on examining the direct recycling of dental zirconia residue powder [4,[11][12][13]25,26,30,31,33,34]. Six of these studies involved pressing the recycled zirconia powder into green zirconia bodies, which were then sintered [4,[11][12][13]25,30].…”

“…Six of these studies involved pressing the recycled zirconia powder into green zirconia bodies, which were then sintered [4,[11][12][13]25,30]. Two studies utilized recycled zirconia powder as reinforcing fillers in polymeth-ylmethacrylate (PMMA) [33,34]. One study successfully produced nanometer-sized zirconia powder from recycled zirconia powder through ball milling [31].…”

Antifungal efficiency and cytocompatibility of polymethyl methacrylate modified with zinc dimethacrylate

“…To overcome such undesirable deficiency, considerable research about PMMA denture base resin modification have been studied, including incorporating nanoparticles, fibers or other fillers, utilizing copolymers to polymerize with PMMA resin matrix and curing in different conditions, etc ( Gad et al., 2020 ; Karatepe and Ozdemir, 2020 ; Aati et al., 2022 ). The modified methods of PMMA based denture resin with monomer additives have been reported before ( Kanie et al., 2004 ; Elzahar et al., 2022 ). For instance, the quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) monomer was a successful approach used in the restorative dentistry to overcome biofilm formation ( Melo et al., 2014 ; Cao et al., 2018 ).…”