Novel Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Novel metal oxide-doped fluorophosphates nano-glass powders were synthesized by melt quenching method, and their non-toxicity is proved by MTT. Their efficacy in bone formation is confirmed by osteocalcin and ALP secretion. Composites were made using PLA, PDLLA, PPF, or 1,2-diol with fluorophosphates nano-glass powders (AgFp/MgFp/ZnFp). Their non-toxicity was assessed by cell adhesion and MTT. The ability of the composite for bioconversion was assessed by RT-PCR estimation for osteocalcin, Collagen II, RUNX2, Chondroitin sulfate, and ALP secretion accessed by ELISA method. The animal study in rabbit showed good callus formation by bioconduction and bioinduction. The bioconversion of the composite itself was proved by modified Tetrachrome staining. From the 12 different composites with different composition, the composite PPF+PDLLA+PPF+ZnFp showed the best results. These obtained results of the composites made from common biological molecules are better than the standards and so they do biomimic as bone substitutes. The composites can be made as strips or granules or cylinders and will be a boon to the operating surgeon. The composite meets nearly all the requirements for bone tissue engineering and nullifies the defect in the existing ceramic composites.

Biomimetic Scaffolds—A Novel Approach to Three Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques for Potential Implementation in Tissue Engineering

“…The best results in the treatment of bone defects were obtained using a hybrid of PDLLA and PPF. This hybrid also supported the expression of key markers for osteogenesis, such as osteocalcin, collagen, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) [ 141 ].…”

Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate

“…Different forms of this biocompatible polymer are being used, such as microspheres [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], membranes [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] or scaffolds [ 54 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. One of the methods used to fabricate porous polymer scaffolds is the gel-casting method [ 37 ], which is a simple and effective way to obtain samples with random porosity with a pore size in a range from100 to 1500 µm. The movement of nutrients and cells through porous implants has been reported to be highly influenced by the size of the pores.…”

“…Agel-foam-casting technique combined with rapid heating was used to fabricate scaffolds, as previously described [ 37 ]. First, predetermined quantities of all components ( Table 1 ) were mixed and diluted in dichloromethane, while stirring on a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 300 rpm to achieve a homogeneous mixture.…”