“…), which is highly useful in VLC [2]- [5]. Such systems also offer imaging multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) capability [3], [7] for use in indoor [8], [9] and outdoor [10] applications including intelligent transportation systems (ITS), indoor localizations, and device-to-device communications [11], [12]. In ITS, the MIMO feature of cameras can be exploited for collision warning, adaptive cruise control, enhancing driving safety, people and object detection, range estimations and data communications in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-road side infrastructure communications [10], [13]- [15].…”