Novel Digital Technique to Quantify the Area and Volume of Cement Remaining and Enamel Removed after Fixed Multibracket Appliance Therapy Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to construct a novel, repeatable, reproducible, and accurate measurement protocol for the area and volume of the remaining cement after removal of fixed multibracket appliances, the area and volume of remaining cement after cement removal, the area and volume of enamel removed after cement removal, and the volume of cement used to adhere fixed multibracket appliances. A total of 30 brackets were cemented and removed with over 30 extracted teeth embedded into three experimental models of epoxy resin. The models were scanned before and after bracket placement, bracket debonding, and polishing the remaining cement. The brackets were submitted to micro-computed tomography. The standard tessellation language digital files were aligned, segmented, and re-aligned using geomorphometric software. The digital measurement technique accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility were analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis. The variability attributable to the area and volume measurement techniques of the total variability of the samples was 0.70% and 0.11% for repeatability, respectively, and 0.79% and 0.01% for reproducibility, respectively. The re-alignment procedure is a repeatable, reproducible, and accurate technique that can be used to measure the area and volume of the remaining cement after removal of fixed multibracket appliances, the area and volume of remaining cement after cement removal, the area and volume of enamel removed after cement removal, and the volume of cement used to adhere the fixed multibracket appliance.

A Novel Digital Technique for Measuring the Accuracy of an Indirect Bonding Technique Using Fixed Buccal Multibracket Appliances

“…Afterwards, the STL digital files were imported to a reverse engineering morphometric software (3D Geomagic Capture Wrap, 3D Systems©, Rock Hill, SC, USA) and the teeth were individually segmented to allow for the accuracy alignment procedure between the STL digital files from the virtually planned position of the digitalized fixed buccal multibracket appliances (Clarity Advanced, 3M Corp.) and the STL digital files of the fixed buccal multibracket appliances (Clarity Advanced + APC Flash-Free, 3M Corp) bonded to the experimental anatomically based acrylic resin models, according to the recommendations of Zubizarreta-Macho et al [ 14 ]. The alignment procedure was performed using the palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth and the occlusal and palatal surfaces of the posterior teeth with the best-fit algorithm ( Figure 4 ).…”

“…Angular deviations in the mesial or incisal/occlusal directions were recorded with positive values, and angular deviations in the distal or gingival directions were recorded with negative values. In addition, a crown-tip inadequacy of 2° causes a marginal ridge discrepancy of 0.5 mm [ 3 , 14 ]. Therefore, linear deviations of ≤0.5 mm and angular deviations of ≤2° were used as the criteria.…”

“…The alignment procedure was performed using the palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth and the occlusal and palatal surfaces of the posterior teeth with the best-fit algorithm (Figure 4). bracket appliances (Clarity Advanced, 3M Corp.) and the STL digital files of the fixed buccal multibracket appliances (Clarity Advanced + APC Flash-Free, 3M Corp) bonded to the experimental anatomically based acrylic resin models, according to the recommendations of Zubizarreta-Macho et al [14]. The alignment procedure was performed using the palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth and the occlusal and palatal surfaces of the posterior teeth with the best-fit algorithm (Figure 4).…”

Development of a Convolutional Neural Network Based Skull Segmentation in MRI Using Standard Tesselation Language Models

“…Minnema et al [25] displayed a high overlap with gold standard segmentation by introducing a CNN for skull segmentation in CT scans. In the image processing step, a 3D surface model, which represents the label, was created in the standard tessellation language (STL) file format, a well-established method to represent 3D models [26][27][28][29]. To convert the files from CT to STL, segmentation of a high-quality gold standard STL model was performed manually by an experienced medical engineer.…”

Influence of Drilling Technique on the Radiographic, Thermographic, and Geomorphometric Effects of Dental Implant Drills and Osteotomy Site Preparations

“…However, geomorphometric technique allows an accurate measurement of both surface and volumetric changes between the non-use and continued use dental implant drill. Fons-Badal et al used the geomorphometric technique to measure the volume gain after soft tissue graft surgery [ 21 ] and Zubizarreta-Macho et al used it to quantify accurately the area and volume of cement remaining and enamel removed after fixed multibracket appliance therapy debonding [ 22 ].…”